Difference between revisions of "Ancient Reemish/Examples"

< Ancient Reemish
(A beginning)
 
(+6 examples and a few fixes)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 199: Line 199:
 
| happy
 
| happy
 
| person
 
| person
−
| {{Term|EPIS75|p=g|t=epistemic modality - high/usual probability}} often
+
| {{Term|EPIS|EPIS75|p=g|t=epistemic modality - high/usual probability}} often
 
| shout
 
| shout
 
|}
 
|}
Line 253: Line 253:
 
|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| tree (and tle) express movement from (or to) a place understood by the listener
+
| ''tree'' (and ''tle'') express movement from (or to) a place understood by the listener
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 296: Line 296:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
| ''Seeba''
 
| ''Seeba''
 +
| ''bitlaken''
 +
| ''ot''
 
| ''peme''
 
| ''peme''
−
| ''bitlaken''
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| rain
 
| rain
 +
| stop
 +
| at
 
| now
 
| now
−
| stop
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 367: Line 369:
 
| ''kwipu''
 
| ''kwipu''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| {{Term|3|p=g|t=3rd person}}sf
+
| {{Term|3|p=g|t=3rd person}}{{Term|f|p=g|t=feminine gender}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
 
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 
| look
 
| look
Line 376: Line 378:
 
|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Dorap wibre kwipu, literally "look at the everything", gives a limit of sorts to the gaze. Compare how the sun "alad kwipu", sees everything (without limits).
+
| ''Dorap ot wibre kwipu'', literally "look at the everything", gives a limit of sorts to the gaze. Compare how the sun ''alad kwipu'', sees everything (without limits).
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 422: Line 424:
 
| have
 
| have
 
| peace
 
| peace
−
| if.COND.{{Term|FUT1|p=g|t=near future tense}}
+
| if.{{Term|COND|p=g|t=conditional mood}}.{{Term|FUT1|p=g|t=near future tense}}
 
| leave
 
| leave
 
|}
 
|}
Line 488: Line 490:
 
| this
 
| this
 
| mist
 
| mist
−
| {{Term|EPIS75|p=g|t=epistemic modality - high/usual probability}}
+
| {{Term|EPIS|EPIS75|p=g|t=epistemic modality - high/usual probability}}
 
| {{Term|FUT1|p=g|t=near future tense}}
 
| {{Term|FUT1|p=g|t=near future tense}}
 
| end
 
| end
Line 581: Line 583:
 
| ''bun''
 
| ''bun''
 
| ''Enri''
 
| ''Enri''
 +
| ''pad''
 
| ''ot''
 
| ''ot''
 
| ''at''
 
| ''at''
Line 589: Line 592:
 
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 
| Henry
 
| Henry
 +
| {{Term|3|p=g|t=3rd person}}{{Term|zo|p=g|t=zoic gender}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
 
| at
 
| at
 
| not
 
| not
Line 600: Line 604:
 
| ''bun''
 
| ''bun''
 
| ''ak''
 
| ''ak''
 +
| ''pad''
 
| ''tawm''
 
| ''tawm''
 
|-
 
|-
Line 605: Line 610:
 
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 
| {{Term|1|p=g|t=1st person}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
 
| {{Term|1|p=g|t=1st person}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
 +
| {{Term|3|p=g|t=3rd person}}{{Term|zo|p=g|t=zoic gender}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
 
| black
 
| black
 
|}
 
|}
Line 613: Line 619:
 
| ''bun''
 
| ''bun''
 
| ''pudod-i''
 
| ''pudod-i''
 +
| ''ok''
 
| ''atwil''
 
| ''atwil''
 
|-
 
|-
Line 618: Line 625:
 
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 
| girl-{{Term|DIM|p=g|t=diminutive}}
 
| girl-{{Term|DIM|p=g|t=diminutive}}
 +
| {{Term|3|p=g|t=3rd person}}{{Term|n|p=g|t=neuter gender}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
 
| broken
 
| broken
 
|}
 
|}
Line 629: Line 637:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{Term|1|p=g|t=1st person}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
 
| {{Term|1|p=g|t=1st person}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
−
| {{Term|EPIS75|p=g|t=epistemic modality - high/usual probability}}
+
| {{Term|EPIS|EPIS75|p=g|t=epistemic modality - high/usual probability}}
 
| sleep
 
| sleep
 
| {{Term|ADVZ|p=g|t=adverbilizer}}-well
 
| {{Term|ADVZ|p=g|t=adverbilizer}}-well
Line 674: Line 682:
 
| ''Beng''
 
| ''Beng''
 
| ''duda''
 
| ''duda''
 +
| ''ze''
 
| ''tle''
 
| ''tle''
 
| ''woklal''
 
| ''woklal''
Line 682: Line 691:
 
| {{Term|1|p=g|t=1st person}}{{Term|pl|p=g|t=plural number}}.{{Term|EXCL|p=g|t=exclusive person}}
 
| {{Term|1|p=g|t=1st person}}{{Term|pl|p=g|t=plural number}}.{{Term|EXCL|p=g|t=exclusive person}}
 
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 +
| go
 
| towards
 
| towards
 
| village
 
| village
Line 728: Line 738:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
| ''Wibre''
 
| ''Wibre''
−
| ''ateb''
+
| ''atebrubuzu''
−
| ''brub-u''
 
−
| ''ruzu''
 
 
| ''duda''
 
| ''duda''
 
| ''kree''
 
| ''kree''
Line 739: Line 747:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| {{Term|DEF|p=g|t=definite}}.{{Term|PL|p=g|t=plural number}}
 
| {{Term|DEF|p=g|t=definite}}.{{Term|PL|p=g|t=plural number}}
−
| out.of
+
| camper
−
| house-{{Term|ADJZ|p=g|t=adjectivizer}}
 
−
| person
 
 
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 
| sit
 
| sit
Line 802: Line 808:
 
Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.
 
Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''Ot''
+
| ''Poklup''
−
| ''minaka''
 
−
| ''poklup''
 
 
| ''bata''
 
| ''bata''
 
| ''pudodo''
 
| ''pudodo''
Line 813: Line 817:
 
| ''bun''
 
| ''bun''
 
| ''wem''
 
| ''wem''
 +
| ''ot''
 +
| ''minaka''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| at
 
−
| yesterday
 
 
| most
 
| most
 
| old
 
| old
Line 825: Line 829:
 
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 
| {{Term|3|p=g|t=3rd person}}{{Term|f|p=g|t=feminine gender}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
 
| {{Term|3|p=g|t=3rd person}}{{Term|f|p=g|t=feminine gender}}{{Term|s|p=g|t=singular number}}
 +
| at
 +
| yesterday
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 967: Line 973:
 
| hot
 
| hot
 
| forest
 
| forest
 +
|}
 +
 +
We sailed down the river for several miles.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Beng''
 +
| ''duda''
 +
| ''wazhkee''
 +
| ''lo-lobo''
 +
| ''ot''
 +
| ''beetigra''
 +
| ''lito''
 +
| ''akbabup''
 +
| ''tada''
 +
|-
 +
| {{Term|1|p=g|t=1st person}}{{Term|pl|p=g|t=plural number}}.{{Term|EXCL|p=g|t=exclusive person}}
 +
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 +
| sail
 +
| {{Term|ADVZ|p=g|t=adverbilizer}}-down
 +
| at
 +
| river
 +
| for
 +
| many
 +
| miles
 +
|}
 +
 +
Everybody knows about hunting.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Kwidru''
 +
| ''koleen''
 +
| ''upi-re''
 +
|-
 +
| everyone
 +
| know
 +
| GER-hunt
 +
|}
 +
 +
On a sunny morning after the solstice we started for the mountains.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Beng''
 +
| ''ludwu''
 +
| ''duda''
 +
| ''ot''
 +
| ''tle''
 +
| ''wibre''
 +
| ''reem''
 +
| ''ot''
 +
| ''sha-rodle''
 +
| ''dlite''
 +
| ''obwo''
 +
| ''dadlap''
 +
|-
 +
| {{Term|1|p=g|t=1st person}}{{Term|pl|p=g|t=plural number}}.{{Term|EXCL|p=g|t=exclusive person}}
 +
| {{Term|INCEP|p=g|t=inceptive aspect}}
 +
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 +
| at
 +
| towards
 +
| {{Term|DEF|p=g|t=definite}}.{{Term|PL|p=g|t=plural number}}
 +
| mountain
 +
| at
 +
| {{Term|ADJZ|p=g|t=adjectivizer}}-sun
 +
| morning
 +
| after
 +
| solstice
 +
|}
 +
 +
Tom laughed at the monkey's tricks.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Tam''
 +
| ''duda''
 +
| ''tritip''
 +
| ''ʘega''
 +
| ''wibre''
 +
| ''upetad''
 +
| ''bun''
 +
| ''eewob''
 +
|-
 +
| Tom
 +
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 +
| laugh
 +
| because
 +
| {{Term|DEF|p=g|t=definite}}.{{Term|PL|p=g|t=plural number}}
 +
| performance
 +
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 +
| monkey
 +
|}
 +
 +
An old man with a walking stick stood beside the fence.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Tip''
 +
| ''bata''
 +
| ''besa''
 +
| ''ǃu''
 +
| ''panipu''
 +
| ''duda''
 +
| ''rune''
 +
| ''madu''
 +
| ''natirikuda''
 +
|-
 +
| {{Term|INDF|p=g|t=indefinite}}
 +
| old
 +
| man
 +
| with
 +
| walking.stick
 +
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 +
| stand
 +
| beside
 +
| fence
 +
|}
 +
 +
The squirrel's nest was hidden by drooping boughs.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Wibre''
 +
| ''eeko-lobo''
 +
| ''kru''
 +
| ''bun''
 +
| ''zhodan''
 +
| ''duda''
 +
| ''zhonatin''
 +
| ''wadun''
 +
| ''bun''
 +
| ''motwiska''
 +
|-
 +
| {{Term|DEF|p=g|t=definite}}.{{Term|PL|p=g|t=plural number}}
 +
| {{Term|ADJZ|p=g|t=adjectivizer}}-down
 +
| arm
 +
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 +
| tree
 +
| {{Term|PST|p=g|t=past tense}}
 +
| hide
 +
| nest
 +
| {{Term|POSS|p=g|t=possessive marker}}
 +
| squirrel
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 14:22, 11 December 2019

The sun shines.

Rodle alad kwot
sun see the.world
Rodle alad kwipu
sun see everything

The sun is shining.

Rodle ze alad kwot
sun go.CONT see the.world

The sun shone.

Rodle dum alad kwot
sun REC see the.world

The sun will shine.

Rodle id alad kwot
sun FUT1 see the.world

The sun has been shining.

Rodle ze dum alad kwot
sun go.CONT REC see the.world

The sun is shining again.

Rodle ze gwat alad kwot
sun go.CONT return see the.world

The sun will shine tomorrow.

Rodle id alad kwot ot aminaka
sun FUT1 see the.world at tomorrow

The sun shines brightly.

Rodle alad lo-wozit kwot
sun see ADVZ-strong the.world

The bright sun shines.

Wozit rodle alad kwot
strong sun see the.world

The sun is rising now.

Rodle ze lin ot peme
sun go.CONT come at now

All the people shouted.

Kwiklo ruzu dum wozitin
all person REC yell

Some of the people shouted.

Buzkit ruzu dum wozitin
some person REC yell

Many of the people shouted twice.

Akbabup ruzu dum wozitin brak ba
many person REC yell with two

Happy people often shout.

Ip duke ruzu gwina wozitin
INDF.PL happy person EPIS75 often shout
The plural indefinite marker indicates this is a generic, nonspecific noun. The auxiliary gwina indicates a high probability, giving the context that we're not stating a fact, but observing a generalization.

The kitten jumped up.

Itnipe dwiba ot lano
kitten jump to up

The kitten jumped onto the table.

Itnipe dwiba ot eed pleenak
kitten jump to on.top.of table

My little kitten walked away.

It itnipe bun ak dum tree nopu
little kitten PTCL.POSS 1s REC away walk
tree (and tle) express movement from (or to) a place understood by the listener

It's raining.

Seeba ze mee
rain go.CONT fall

The rain came down.

Seeba duda mee
rain PST fall

The kitten is playing in the rain.

Itnipe ze reenak gopat seeba
kitten go.CONT play under rain

The rain has stopped.

Seeba bitlaken ot peme
rain stop at now

Soon the rain will stop.

Seena id bitlaken ot mang
rain FUT1 stop at soon

I hope the rain stops soon.

Ak babwo seena id bitlaken ot mang
1s hope rain FUT1 stop at soon

Once wild animals lived here.

Ip atrazpa tong dro ʘange ot ipwe
INDF.PL wild animal REM live at here

Slowly she looked around.

Wem duda dorap l-ola ot wibre kwipu
3fs PST look ADVZ-slow at DEF.PL everything
Dorap ot wibre kwipu, literally "look at the everything", gives a limit of sorts to the gaze. Compare how the sun alad kwipu, sees everything (without limits).

Go away!

Wopre!
leave
A second-person marker isn't needed when a command's recipient is obvious.

Let's go!

Ka wopre!
1pl.INCL leave

You should go.

Du keme wopre
2s should leave

I will be happy to go.

Ak id rizhe wupu dape wopre
1s FUT1 have peace if.COND.FUT1 leave
When two statements are combined with a conjunctive and one lacks a subject, it is assumed the subjects match. Modality markers like this are often bundled with tense markers.

He will arrive soon.

Pa id lin ot mang
3ms FUT1 arrive at soon

The baby's ball has rolled away.

Gusun bun datwa eka dum tree ozh
ball PCTL.POSS baby PFV REC away roll

The two boys are working together.

Wibre ba bedodo ze batude
DEF.PL two boy are.CONT working.together

This mist will probably clear away.

Kwana itiseeba gwina id bitlaken
this mist EPIS75 FUT1 end

Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.

Ip opa natalee leena ot kwiklo ipwe
INDF.PL lovely flowers grow at all.over here

We should eat more slowly.

Ka keme we l-ola klup~klup
1pl.INCL should eat ADVZ-slow much~more.than
Normally, you would say something like "turtle slow than hare" but in this case, we are saying we should just be slower.

You have come too soon.

Zhu dum lin l-ola klup~klup
2s.FORM REC arrive ADVZ-slow much~more.than

You must write more neatly.

Du keme~keme ripik dwupo kulp~klup
2s must write neatly much~more.than

Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.

Opa brubinudo ot lebaka
beautiful palace be.at across.from
A locational preposition used with ot can omit its object if it is obvious to the listener.

Henry's dog is lost.

Shula bun Enri pad ot at kwiklo ipwe
dog POSS Henry 3zos at not all.over here

My cat is black.

Nipwe bun ak pad tawm
cat POSS 1s 3zos black

The little girl's doll is broken.

amilee bun pudod-i ok atwil
doll POSS girl-DIM 3ns broken

I usually sleep soundly.

Ak gwina wapu lo-wil
1s EPIS75 sleep ADVZ-well

The children ran after Jack.

Wibre dodo duda man atlebaka Zhak
DEF.PL child PST run behind Jack

I can play after school.

Ak taplu id reenak obwo ot meezut
1s can FUT1 play after at school

We went to the village for a visit.

Beng duda ze tle woklal ʘega alad ok
1pl.EXCL PST go towards village for.the.purpose.of see it

We arrived at the river.

Beng eka duda tle beetigra
1pl.EXCL PFV PST towards river

I have been waiting for you.

Ak eka ze kimada ʘega upi-lin bun du
1s PFV CONT wait for GER-arrive POSS 2s

The campers sat around the fire.

Wibre atebrubuzu duda kree ot ozhgu pe daneel
DEF.PL camper PST sit at circle to fire

A little girl with a kitten sat near me.

Ip pudod-i ǃu ip itnipe duda kree ot wung ak
INDF girl-DIM and INDF kitten PST sit at near 1s

The child waited at the door for her father.

Pudodo duda kimada ot ebeb lutee ludan ling bun wem
girl PST wait at door for see father POSS 3fs

Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.

Poklup bata pudodo bazdap woklal agheem itnipe bun wem ot minaka
most old girl of village lose kitten POSS 3fs at yesterday

Were you born in this village?

Du dro dlabee ot kwana woklal?
2s REM born at this village
Yes/no questions are conveyed with a rising inflection.

Can your brother dance well?

Dezong bun du peegu lo-wil?
brother POSS 2s dance ADVZ-well

Did the man leave?

Deruzu wopre
man leave

Is your sister coming for you?

Tuzong bun du lin ʘega du?
sister POSS 2s come for you

Can you come tomorrow?

Du lin ot aminaka?
2s come at tomorrow

Have the neighbors gone away for the winter?

Wibre madruzbub wopre ʘega ʘungato?
DEF.PL neighbor leave for winter

Does the robin sing in the rain?

Ip dwotong bazdap deeto apeebo kee eb seeba?
INDF.PL bird with red chest sing in rain

Are you going with us to the concert?

Du tle upetad bazdap beng?
2s towards performance with 1pl.EXCL

Have you ever travelled in the jungle?

Du duda nopu ot ǃang raglo?
2s PST travel at hot forest

We sailed down the river for several miles.

Beng duda wazhkee lo-lobo ot beetigra lito akbabup tada
1pl.EXCL PST sail ADVZ-down at river for many miles

Everybody knows about hunting.

Kwidru koleen upi-re
everyone know GER-hunt

On a sunny morning after the solstice we started for the mountains.

Beng ludwu duda ot tle wibre reem ot sha-rodle dlite obwo dadlap
1pl.EXCL INCEP PST at towards DEF.PL mountain at ADJZ-sun morning after solstice

Tom laughed at the monkey's tricks.

Tam duda tritip ʘega wibre upetad bun eewob
Tom PST laugh because DEF.PL performance POSS monkey

An old man with a walking stick stood beside the fence.

Tip bata besa ǃu panipu duda rune madu natirikuda
INDF old man with walking.stick PST stand beside fence

The squirrel's nest was hidden by drooping boughs.

Wibre eeko-lobo kru bun zhodan duda zhonatin wadun bun motwiska
DEF.PL ADJZ-down arm POSS tree PST hide nest POSS squirrel
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