Ancient Reemish/Examples

The sun shines.

Rodle	alad	kwot
sun	see	the.world
Rodle	alad	kwipu
sun	see	everything

The sun is shining.

Rodle	ze	alad	kwot
sun	go.CONT	see	the.world

The sun shone.

Rodle	dum	alad	kwot
sun	REC	see	the.world

The sun will shine.

Rodle	id	alad	kwot
sun	FUT1	see	the.world

The sun has been shining.

Rodle	ze	dum	alad	kwot
sun	go.CONT	REC	see	the.world

The sun is shining again.

Rodle	ze	gwat	alad	kwot
sun	go.CONT	return	see	the.world

The sun will shine tomorrow.

Rodle	id	alad	kwot	ot	aminaka
sun	FUT1	see	the.world	at	tomorrow

The sun shines brightly.

Rodle	alad	lo-wozit	kwot
sun	see	ADVZ-strong	the.world

The bright sun shines.

Wozit	rodle	alad	kwot
strong	sun	see	the.world

The sun is rising now.

Rodle	ze	lin	ot	peme
sun	go.CONT	come	at	now

All the people shouted.

Kwiklo	ruzu	dum	wozitin
all	person	REC	yell

Some of the people shouted.

Buzkit	ruzu	dum	wozitin
some	person	REC	yell

Many of the people shouted twice.

Akbabup	ruzu	dum	wozitin	brak	ba
many	person	REC	yell	with	two

Happy people often shout.

Ip	duke	ruzu	gwina	wozitin
INDF.PL	happy	person	EPIS75 often	shout

The plural indefinite marker indicates this is a generic, nonspecific noun. The auxiliary gwina indicates a high probability, giving the context that we're not stating a fact, but observing a generalization.

The kitten jumped up.

Itnipe	dwiba	ot	lano
kitten	jump	to	up

The kitten jumped onto the table.

Itnipe	dwiba	ot	eed	pleenak
kitten	jump	to	on.top.of	table

My little kitten walked away.

It	itnipe	bun	ak	dum	tree	nopu
little	kitten	PTCL.POSS	1s	REC	away	walk

tree (and tle) express movement from (or to) a place understood by the listener

It's raining.

Seeba	ze	mee
rain	go.CONT	fall

The rain came down.

Seeba	duda	mee
rain	PST	fall

The kitten is playing in the rain.

Itnipe	ze	reenak	gopat	seeba
kitten	go.CONT	play	under	rain

The rain has stopped.

Seeba	peme	bitlaken
rain	now	stop

Soon the rain will stop.

Seena	id	bitlaken	ot	mang
rain	FUT1	stop	at	soon

I hope the rain stops soon.

Ak	babwo	seena	id	bitlaken	ot	mang
1s	hope	rain	FUT1	stop	at	soon

Once wild animals lived here.

Ip	atrazpa	tong	dro	ʘange	ot	ipwe
INDF.PL	wild	animal	REM	live	at	here

Slowly she looked around.

Wem	duda	dorap	l-ola	ot	wibre	kwipu
3fs	PST	look	ADVZ-slow	at	DEF.PL	everything

Dorap ot wibre kwipu, literally "look at the everything", gives a limit of sorts to the gaze. Compare how the sun alad kwipu, sees everything (without limits).

Go away!

Wopre!

leave

A second-person marker isn't needed when a command's recipient is obvious.

Let's go!

Ka	wopre!
1pl.INCL	leave

You should go.

Du	keme	wopre
2s	should	leave

I will be happy to go.

Ak	id	rizhe	wupu	dape	wopre
1s	FUT1	have	peace	if.COND.FUT1	leave

When two statements are combined with a conjunctive and one lacks a subject, it is assumed the subjects match. Modality markers like this are often bundled with tense markers.

He will arrive soon.

Pa	id	lin	ot	mang
3ms	FUT1	arrive	at	soon

The baby's ball has rolled away.

Gusun	bun	datwa	eka	dum	tree	ozh
ball	PCTL.POSS	baby	PFV	REC	away	roll

The two boys are working together.

Wibre	ba	bedodo	ze	batude
DEF.PL	two	boy	are.CONT	working.together

This mist will probably clear away.

Kwana	itiseeba	gwina	id	bitlaken
this	mist	EPIS75	FUT1	end

Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.

Ip	opa	natalee	leena	ot	kwiklo	ipwe
INDF.PL	lovely	flowers	grow	at	all.over	here

We should eat more slowly.

Ka	keme	we	l-ola	klup~klup
1pl.INCL	should	eat	ADVZ-slow	much~more.than

Normally, you would say something like "turtle slow than hare" but in this case, we are saying we should just be slower.

You have come too soon.

Zhu	dum	lin	l-ola	klup~klup
2s.FORM	REC	arrive	ADVZ-slow	much~more.than

You must write more neatly.

Du	keme~keme	ripik	dwupo	kulp~klup
2s	must	write	neatly	much~more.than

Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.

Opa	brubinudo	ot	lebaka
beautiful	palace	be.at	across.from

A locational preposition used with ot can omit its object if it is obvious to the listener.

Henry's dog is lost.

Shula	bun	Enri	ot	at	kwiklo	ipwe
dog	POSS	Henry	at	not	all.over	here

My cat is black.

Nipwe	bun	ak	tawm
cat	POSS	1s	black

The little girl's doll is broken.

amilee	bun	pudod-i	atwil
doll	POSS	girl-DIM	broken

I usually sleep soundly.

Ak	gwina	wapu	lo-wil
1s	EPIS75	sleep	ADVZ-well

The children ran after Jack.

Wibre	dodo	duda	man	atlebaka	Zhak
DEF.PL	child	PST	run	behind	Jack

I can play after school.

Ak	taplu	id	reenak	obwo	ot	meezut
1s	can	FUT1	play	after	at	school

We went to the village for a visit.

Beng	duda	tle	woklal	ʘega	alad	ok
1pl.EXCL	PST	towards	village	for.the.purpose.of	see	it

We arrived at the river.

Beng	eka	duda	tle	beetigra
1pl.EXCL	PFV	PST	towards	river

I have been waiting for you.

Ak	eka	ze	kimada	ʘega	upi-lin	bun	du
1s	PFV	CONT	wait	for	GER-arrive	POSS	2s

The campers sat around the fire.

Wibre	ateb	brub-u	ruzu	duda	kree	ot	ozhgu	pe	daneel
DEF.PL	out.of	house-ADJZ	person	PST	sit	at	circle	to	fire

A little girl with a kitten sat near me.

Ip	pudod-i	ǃu	ip	itnipe	duda	kree	ot	wung	ak
INDF	girl-DIM	and	INDF	kitten	PST	sit	at	near	1s

The child waited at the door for her father.

Pudodo	duda	kimada	ot	ebeb	lutee	ludan	ling	bun	wem
girl	PST	wait	at	door	for	see	father	POSS	3fs

Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.

Ot	minaka	poklup	bata	pudodo	bazdap	woklal	agheem	itnipe	bun	wem
at	yesterday	most	old	girl	of	village	lose	kitten	POSS	3fs

Were you born in this village?

Du	dro	dlabee	ot	kwana	woklal?
2s	REM	born	at	this	village

Yes/no questions are conveyed with a rising inflection.

Can your brother dance well?

Dezong	bun	du	peegu	lo-wil?
brother	POSS	2s	dance	ADVZ-well

Did the man leave?

Deruzu	wopre
man	leave

Is your sister coming for you?

Tuzong	bun	du	lin	ʘega	du?
sister	POSS	2s	come	for	you

Can you come tomorrow?

Du	lin	ot	aminaka?
2s	come	at	tomorrow

Have the neighbors gone away for the winter?

Wibre	madruzbub	wopre	ʘega	ʘungato?
DEF.PL	neighbor	leave	for	winter

Does the robin sing in the rain?

Ip	dwotong	bazdap	deeto	apeebo	kee	eb	seeba?
INDF.PL	bird	with	red	chest	sing	in	rain

Are you going with us to the concert?

Du	tle	upetad	bazdap	beng?
2s	towards	performance	with	1pl.EXCL

Have you ever travelled in the jungle?

Du	duda	nopu	ot	ǃang	raglo?
2s	PST	travel	at	hot	forest