The sun shines.
| Rodle
|
alad
|
kwot
|
| sun
|
see
|
the.world
|
| Rodle
|
alad
|
kwipu
|
| sun
|
see
|
everything
|
The sun is shining.
| Rodle
|
ze
|
alad
|
kwot
|
| sun
|
go.CONT
|
see
|
the.world
|
The sun shone.
| Rodle
|
dum
|
alad
|
kwot
|
| sun
|
REC
|
see
|
the.world
|
The sun will shine.
| Rodle
|
id
|
alad
|
kwot
|
| sun
|
FUT1
|
see
|
the.world
|
The sun has been shining.
| Rodle
|
ze
|
dum
|
alad
|
kwot
|
| sun
|
go.CONT
|
REC
|
see
|
the.world
|
The sun is shining again.
| Rodle
|
ze
|
gwat
|
alad
|
kwot
|
| sun
|
go.CONT
|
return
|
see
|
the.world
|
The sun will shine tomorrow.
| Rodle
|
id
|
alad
|
kwot
|
ot
|
aminaka
|
| sun
|
FUT1
|
see
|
the.world
|
at
|
tomorrow
|
The sun shines brightly.
| Rodle
|
alad
|
lo-wozit
|
kwot
|
| sun
|
see
|
ADVZ-strong
|
the.world
|
The bright sun shines.
| Wozit
|
rodle
|
alad
|
kwot
|
| strong
|
sun
|
see
|
the.world
|
The sun is rising now.
| Rodle
|
ze
|
lin
|
ot
|
peme
|
| sun
|
go.CONT
|
come
|
at
|
now
|
All the people shouted.
| Kwiklo
|
ruzu
|
dum
|
wozitin
|
| all
|
person
|
REC
|
yell
|
Some of the people shouted.
| Buzkit
|
ruzu
|
dum
|
wozitin
|
| some
|
person
|
REC
|
yell
|
Many of the people shouted twice.
| Akbabup
|
ruzu
|
dum
|
wozitin
|
brak
|
ba
|
| many
|
person
|
REC
|
yell
|
with
|
two
|
Happy people often shout.
| Ip
|
duke
|
ruzu
|
gwina
|
wozitin
|
| INDF.PL
|
happy
|
person
|
EPIS75 often
|
shout
|
| The plural indefinite marker indicates this is a generic, nonspecific noun. The auxiliary gwina indicates a high probability, giving the context that we're not stating a fact, but observing a generalization.
|
The kitten jumped up.
| Itnipe
|
dwiba
|
ot
|
lano
|
| kitten
|
jump
|
to
|
up
|
The kitten jumped onto the table.
| Itnipe
|
dwiba
|
ot
|
eed
|
pleenak
|
| kitten
|
jump
|
to
|
on.top.of
|
table
|
My little kitten walked away.
| It
|
itnipe
|
bun
|
ak
|
dum
|
tree
|
nopu
|
| little
|
kitten
|
PTCL.POSS
|
1s
|
REC
|
away
|
walk
|
| tree (and tle) express movement from (or to) a place understood by the listener
|
It's raining.
| Seeba
|
ze
|
mee
|
| rain
|
go.CONT
|
fall
|
The rain came down.
| Seeba
|
duda
|
mee
|
| rain
|
PST
|
fall
|
The kitten is playing in the rain.
| Itnipe
|
ze
|
reenak
|
gopat
|
seeba
|
| kitten
|
go.CONT
|
play
|
under
|
rain
|
The rain has stopped.
| Seeba
|
bitlaken
|
ot
|
peme
|
| rain
|
stop
|
at
|
now
|
Soon the rain will stop.
| Seena
|
id
|
bitlaken
|
ot
|
mang
|
| rain
|
FUT1
|
stop
|
at
|
soon
|
I hope the rain stops soon.
| Ak
|
babwo
|
seena
|
id
|
bitlaken
|
ot
|
mang
|
| 1s
|
hope
|
rain
|
FUT1
|
stop
|
at
|
soon
|
Once wild animals lived here.
| Ip
|
atrazpa
|
tong
|
dro
|
ʘange
|
ot
|
ipwe
|
| INDF.PL
|
wild
|
animal
|
REM
|
live
|
at
|
here
|
Slowly she looked around.
| Wem
|
duda
|
dorap
|
l-ola
|
ot
|
wibre
|
kwipu
|
| 3fs
|
PST
|
look
|
ADVZ-slow
|
at
|
DEF.PL
|
everything
|
| Dorap ot wibre kwipu, literally "look at the everything", gives a limit of sorts to the gaze. Compare how the sun alad kwipu, sees everything (without limits).
|
Go away!
| A second-person marker isn't needed when a command's recipient is obvious.
|
Let's go!
You should go.
| Du
|
keme
|
wopre
|
| 2s
|
should
|
leave
|
I will be happy to go.
| When two statements are combined with a conjunctive and one lacks a subject, it is assumed the subjects match. Modality markers like this are often bundled with tense markers.
|
He will arrive soon.
| Pa
|
id
|
lin
|
ot
|
mang
|
| 3ms
|
FUT1
|
arrive
|
at
|
soon
|
The baby's ball has rolled away.
| Gusun
|
bun
|
datwa
|
eka
|
dum
|
tree
|
ozh
|
| ball
|
PCTL.POSS
|
baby
|
PFV
|
REC
|
away
|
roll
|
The two boys are working together.
| Wibre
|
ba
|
bedodo
|
ze
|
batude
|
| DEF.PL
|
two
|
boy
|
are.CONT
|
working.together
|
This mist will probably clear away.
| Kwana
|
itiseeba
|
gwina
|
id
|
bitlaken
|
| this
|
mist
|
EPIS75
|
FUT1
|
end
|
Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.
| Ip
|
opa
|
natalee
|
leena
|
ot
|
kwiklo
|
ipwe
|
| INDF.PL
|
lovely
|
flowers
|
grow
|
at
|
all.over
|
here
|
We should eat more slowly.
| Ka
|
keme
|
we
|
l-ola
|
klup~klup
|
| 1pl.INCL
|
should
|
eat
|
ADVZ-slow
|
much~more.than
|
| Normally, you would say something like "turtle slow than hare" but in this case, we are saying we should just be slower.
|
You have come too soon.
| Zhu
|
dum
|
lin
|
l-ola
|
klup~klup
|
| 2s.FORM
|
REC
|
arrive
|
ADVZ-slow
|
much~more.than
|
You must write more neatly.
| Du
|
keme~keme
|
ripik
|
dwupo
|
kulp~klup
|
| 2s
|
must
|
write
|
neatly
|
much~more.than
|
Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.
| Opa
|
brubinudo
|
ot
|
lebaka
|
| beautiful
|
palace
|
be.at
|
across.from
|
| A locational preposition used with ot can omit its object if it is obvious to the listener.
|
Henry's dog is lost.
| Shula
|
bun
|
Enri
|
pad
|
ot
|
at
|
kwiklo
|
ipwe
|
| dog
|
POSS
|
Henry
|
3zos
|
at
|
not
|
all.over
|
here
|
My cat is black.
The little girl's doll is broken.
| amilee
|
bun
|
pudod-i
|
ok
|
atwil
|
| doll
|
POSS
|
girl-DIM
|
3ns
|
broken
|
I usually sleep soundly.
The children ran after Jack.
| Wibre
|
dodo
|
duda
|
man
|
atlebaka
|
Zhak
|
| DEF.PL
|
child
|
PST
|
run
|
behind
|
Jack
|
I can play after school.
| Ak
|
taplu
|
id
|
reenak
|
obwo
|
ot
|
meezut
|
| 1s
|
can
|
FUT1
|
play
|
after
|
at
|
school
|
We went to the village for a visit.
| Beng
|
duda
|
ze
|
tle
|
woklal
|
ʘega
|
alad
|
ok
|
| 1pl.EXCL
|
PST
|
go
|
towards
|
village
|
for.the.purpose.of
|
see
|
it
|
We arrived at the river.
I have been waiting for you.
| Ak
|
eka
|
ze
|
kimada
|
ʘega
|
upi-lin
|
bun
|
du
|
| 1s
|
PFV
|
CONT
|
wait
|
for
|
GER-arrive
|
POSS
|
2s
|
The campers sat around the fire.
| Wibre
|
atebrubuzu
|
duda
|
kree
|
ot
|
ozhgu
|
pe
|
daneel
|
| DEF.PL
|
camper
|
PST
|
sit
|
at
|
circle
|
to
|
fire
|
A little girl with a kitten sat near me.
| Ip
|
pudod-i
|
ǃu
|
ip
|
itnipe
|
duda
|
kree
|
ot
|
wung
|
ak
|
| INDF
|
girl-DIM
|
and
|
INDF
|
kitten
|
PST
|
sit
|
at
|
near
|
1s
|
The child waited at the door for her father.
| Pudodo
|
duda
|
kimada
|
ot
|
ebeb
|
lutee
|
ludan
|
ling
|
bun
|
wem
|
| girl
|
PST
|
wait
|
at
|
door
|
for
|
see
|
father
|
POSS
|
3fs
|
Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.
| Poklup
|
bata
|
pudodo
|
bazdap
|
woklal
|
agheem
|
itnipe
|
bun
|
wem
|
ot
|
minaka
|
| most
|
old
|
girl
|
of
|
village
|
lose
|
kitten
|
POSS
|
3fs
|
at
|
yesterday
|
Were you born in this village?
| Du
|
dro
|
dlabee
|
ot
|
kwana
|
woklal?
|
| 2s
|
REM
|
born
|
at
|
this
|
village
|
| Yes/no questions are conveyed with a rising inflection.
|
Can your brother dance well?
| Dezong
|
bun
|
du
|
peegu
|
lo-wil?
|
| brother
|
POSS
|
2s
|
dance
|
ADVZ-well
|
Did the man leave?
Is your sister coming for you?
| Tuzong
|
bun
|
du
|
lin
|
ʘega
|
du?
|
| sister
|
POSS
|
2s
|
come
|
for
|
you
|
Can you come tomorrow?
| Du
|
lin
|
ot
|
aminaka?
|
| 2s
|
come
|
at
|
tomorrow
|
Have the neighbors gone away for the winter?
| Wibre
|
madruzbub
|
wopre
|
ʘega
|
ʘungato?
|
| DEF.PL
|
neighbor
|
leave
|
for
|
winter
|
Does the robin sing in the rain?
| Ip
|
dwotong
|
bazdap
|
deeto
|
apeebo
|
kee
|
eb
|
seeba?
|
| INDF.PL
|
bird
|
with
|
red
|
chest
|
sing
|
in
|
rain
|
Are you going with us to the concert?
| Du
|
tle
|
upetad
|
bazdap
|
beng?
|
| 2s
|
towards
|
performance
|
with
|
1pl.EXCL
|
Have you ever travelled in the jungle?
| Du
|
duda
|
nopu
|
ot
|
ǃang
|
raglo?
|
| 2s
|
PST
|
travel
|
at
|
hot
|
forest
|
We sailed down the river for several miles.
| Beng
|
duda
|
wazhkee
|
lo-lobo
|
ot
|
beetigra
|
lito
|
akbabup
|
tada
|
| 1pl.EXCL
|
PST
|
sail
|
ADVZ-down
|
at
|
river
|
for
|
many
|
miles
|
Everybody knows about hunting.
| Kwidru
|
koleen
|
upi-re
|
| everyone
|
know
|
GER-hunt
|
On a sunny morning after the solstice we started for the mountains.
| Beng
|
ludwu
|
duda
|
ot
|
tle
|
wibre
|
reem
|
ot
|
sha-rodle
|
dlite
|
obwo
|
dadlap
|
| 1pl.EXCL
|
INCEP
|
PST
|
at
|
towards
|
DEF.PL
|
mountain
|
at
|
ADJZ-sun
|
morning
|
after
|
solstice
|
Tom laughed at the monkey's tricks.
| Tam
|
duda
|
tritip
|
ʘega
|
wibre
|
upetad
|
bun
|
eewob
|
| Tom
|
PST
|
laugh
|
because
|
DEF.PL
|
performance
|
POSS
|
monkey
|
An old man with a walking stick stood beside the fence.
| Tip
|
bata
|
besa
|
ǃu
|
panipu
|
duda
|
rune
|
madu
|
natirikuda
|
| INDF
|
old
|
man
|
with
|
walking.stick
|
PST
|
stand
|
beside
|
fence
|
The squirrel's nest was hidden by drooping boughs.
| Wibre
|
eeko-lobo
|
kru
|
bun
|
zhodan
|
duda
|
zhonatin
|
wadun
|
bun
|
motwiska
|
| DEF.PL
|
ADJZ-down
|
arm
|
POSS
|
tree
|
PST
|
hide
|
nest
|
POSS
|
squirrel
|
