Difference between revisions of "Ancient Kartara/Examples"

< Ancient Kartara
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''uĭlo''
+
| ''Uĭlo''
 
| ''toon-ole.''
 
| ''toon-ole.''
 
|-
 
|-
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''uĭlo''
+
| ''Uĭlo''
 
| ''toon-ile''
 
| ''toon-ile''
 
| ''piruĭ.''
 
| ''piruĭ.''
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''umili''
+
| ''Umili''
 
| ''fut-i''
 
| ''fut-i''
 
| ''oĭl-uĭlo.''
 
| ''oĭl-uĭlo.''
Line 234: Line 234:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''uĭlo''
+
| ''Uĭlo''
 
| ''alosof-i''
 
| ''alosof-i''
 
| ''pu.''
 
| ''pu.''
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''uĭlo''
+
| ''Uĭlo''
 
| ''alosof-iu''
 
| ''alosof-iu''
 
| ''oĺa.''
 
| ''oĺa.''
Line 254: Line 254:
 
|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''oĺa''
+
| ''Oĺa''
 
| ''iki''
 
| ''iki''
 
| ''uĭlo''
 
| ''uĭlo''
Line 267: Line 267:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''husa''
+
| ''Husa''
 
| ''siuf-e''
 
| ''siuf-e''
 
| ''iki''
 
| ''iki''
Line 286: Line 286:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''kala''
+
| ''Kala''
 
| ''oĭoki''
 
| ''oĭoki''
 
| ''puf-ila''
 
| ''puf-ila''
Line 301: Line 301:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''uĺkopa''
+
| ''Uĺkopa''
 
| ''teom-io''
 
| ''teom-io''
 
| ''peĭalśe.''
 
| ''peĭalśe.''
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|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''peĭalśe''
+
| ''Peĭalśe''
 
| ''iki''
 
| ''iki''
 
| ''uĺkopa''
 
| ''uĺkopa''
Line 323: Line 323:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''pu''
+
| ''Pu''
 
| ''puf-a''
 
| ''puf-a''
 
| ''eloĭ''
 
| ''eloĭ''
Line 340: Line 340:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''pu''
+
| ''Pu''
 
| ''aĭkuańa''
 
| ''aĭkuańa''
 
| ''eloĭ''
 
| ''eloĭ''
Line 355: Line 355:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''oap-a''
+
| ''Oap-a''
 
| ''fi-śi.''
 
| ''fi-śi.''
 
|-
 
|-
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''es-puf-eke''
+
| ''Es-puf-eke''
 
| ''eloĭ''
 
| ''eloĭ''
 
| ''fi-śi''
 
| ''fi-śi''
Line 377: Line 377:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''puf-iu''
+
| ''Puf-iu''
 
| ''eloĭ''
 
| ''eloĭ''
 
| ''saĭ-śi''
 
| ''saĭ-śi''
Line 390: Line 390:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''opo-seaĭ''
+
| ''Opo-seaĭ''
 
| ''sou''
 
| ''sou''
 
| ''somus-ese''
 
| ''somus-ese''
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''kulo-ki''
+
| ''Kulo-ki''
 
| ''sonim-aĭa''
 
| ''sonim-aĭa''
 
| ''puf-iro''
 
| ''puf-iro''
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| ''kusuo''
+
| ''Kusuo''
 
| ''alosof-iu''
 
| ''alosof-iu''
 
| ''pokiko''
 
| ''pokiko''
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| end-3s.AN.FUT
 
| end-3s.AN.FUT
 
| probable
 
| probable
 +
|}
 +
Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Suĭtu-ńa''
 +
| ''antali-lo''
 +
| ''oas-ala''
 +
| ''uko''
 +
| ''śi''
 +
|-
 +
| flower-PL
 +
| beautiful-AUG
 +
| grow-3PL.INAN
 +
| all
 +
| place
 +
|}
 +
We should eat more slowly.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Oap-eĭ''
 +
| ''oes-oĭa''
 +
| ''peĭalśe-moĭ-o''
 +
|-
 +
| should-1PAU.IN
 +
| eat-PTCP
 +
| slow-COMP-AUG
 +
|}
 +
You have come too soon.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Toon-oe''
 +
| ''puf-a''
 +
| ''oĺa''
 +
| ''takeĭ''
 +
|-
 +
| come.2s.PST
 +
| PERF.2s
 +
| soon
 +
| too
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="4" | When a past-tense is followed by the present-tense ''puf'', it indicates the present perfect.
 +
|}
 +
You must write more neatly.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Tuksun-oĭa''
 +
| ''saśim-a''
 +
| ''tatumo-moĭ-lo''
 +
|-
 +
| write.PTCP
 +
| must.do-2s
 +
| careful-COMP-AUG
 +
|}
 +
Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Iam-omo''
 +
| ''siĺao-su''
 +
| ''enopo-so''
 +
| ''iki''
 +
| ''tamese''
 +
| ''śit́ami''
 +
| ''ium-omo''
 +
|-
 +
| seem-3s.INAN
 +
| stern
 +
| bow-DAT
 +
| CONJ.ADV
 +
| wonderful
 +
| palace
 +
| stand.3s.INAN
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="7" | ''iamomo siĺaosu enoposo'' is a metaphor roughly meaning "as the stern is to the bow".
 +
|}
 +
Henry's dog is lost.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Opo-''Henry
 +
| ''pei''
 +
| ''puf-i''
 +
| ''oĭl-topou''
 +
|-
 +
| GEN-Henry
 +
| dog
 +
| be-3s.AN
 +
| LOC-unknown
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="4" | ''puf'' is optional when an affix encodes location.
 +
|}
 +
My cat is black.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''O-husa''
 +
| ''umu''
 +
| ''puf-i''
 +
| ''uĭmu''
 +
|-
 +
| GEN-1s
 +
| cat
 +
| be-3s.AN
 +
| black
 +
|}
 +
The little girl's doll is broken.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Opo-kusa''
 +
| ''aki''
 +
| ''karaki''
 +
| ''etook-aĭa''
 +
| ''puf-ofo''
 +
|-
 +
| GEN-girl
 +
| little
 +
| doll
 +
| break-PTCP
 +
| be-3s.INAN
 +
|}
 +
I usually sleep soundly.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''Husa''
 +
| ''saas-oĭa''
 +
| ''tia-lo''
 +
| ''tues-e''
 +
|-
 +
| 1s
 +
| sleep-PTCP
 +
| sometimes-AUG
 +
| do.habitually-1s
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="4" | ''Husa'' is optional, but would most likely be said here for clarity.
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 03:04, 22 April 2017

The sun shines.

Ulu pas-o.
sun shine-3s.AN

The sun is shining.

Olu pas-oĭa puf-i.
sun shine-PTCP be-3s.AN

The sun shone.

Olu pas-eo.
sun shine-3s.AN.PST

The sun will shine.

Olu pas-epe.
sun shine-3s.AN.FUT

The sun has been shining.

Olu pas-o iaĭ.
sun shine-3s.AN continuously

The sun is shining again.

Olu pas-o tuka.
sun shine-3s.AN again

The sun will shine tomorrow.

Olu pas-epe astoku.
sun shine.3s.AN.FUT tomorrow

The sun shines brightly.

Olu pas-o pasetu-lo.
sun shine-3s.AN bright-AUG

The bright sun shines.

Olu pasetu-lo pas-o.
sun bright-AUG shine-3s.AUG

The sun is rising now.

Olu soup-aĭa puf-i pu.
sun rise.PTCP be.3s.AN now

All the people shouted.

Uko kart́a ilon-ile.
all person shout-3PAU.AN.PST
kart́a-ńa (person-PL) can be used, too.

Some of the people shouted.

Uso kart́a ilon-ire.
Some person shout-3PAU.AN.PST
kart́a-ru (person-PAU) can be used, too.

Many of the people shouted twice.

Ańe kart́a-ru ki teto ilon-ire.
many person-PAU two instance shout-3PAU.AN.PST

Happy people often shout.

Toa kart́a-ńa ilon-oĭa tia tues-ole.
Happy person-PL shout-PTCP sometimes do.habitually-3PL.AN

The kitten jumped up.

Umili seles-oe piraĭ.
kitten jump-3s.AN.PST upwards

The kitten jumped onto the table.

Umili seles-oe sono ikireta.
kitten jump-3s.AN.PST onto table

My little kitten walked away.

O-husa umili-li ses-oe eloĭ fi-śi.
GEN-1s kitten-DIM walk-3s.AN.PST DET.this ABL-place

It's raining.

Uĭlo toon-ole.
rain come-3AN.PL

The rain came down.

Uĭlo toon-ile piruĭ.
rain come-3AN.PL.PST down

The kitten is playing in the rain.

Umili fut-i oĭl-uĭlo.
kitten play-3s.AN LOC-rain

The rain has stopped.

Uĭlo alosof-i pu.
rain stop-3s.AN now

Soon the rain will stop.

Uĭlo alosof-iu oĺa.
rain stop-3s.AN.FUT soon
Oĺa iki uĭlo alosof-iu.
soon CONJ.ADV rain stop-3s.AN.FUT

I hope the rain stops soon.

Husa siuf-e iki uĭlo alosof-iu oĺa.
PN.1s hope-1s that rain stop.3s.AN.FUT soon
husa is optional.

Once wild animals lived here.

Kala oĭoki puf-ila eloĭ oĭl-śi.
animal wild be-3s.AN.PL.PST DET.this LOC-place

Slowly she looked around.

Uĺkopa teom-io peĭalśe.
full look.3s.PST slow
Peĭalśe iki uĺkopa teom-io.
slow CONJ.ADV full look-3s.PST

Go away!

Pu puf-a eloĭ fi-śi.
now.IMP be-2s DET.this ABL-place
If pu precedes a bare verb, it denotes the imperative (command) mood.
eloĭ may be omitted if the place in question is obvious to the listener.

Let's go!

Pu aĭkuańa eloĭ fi-śi.
now.IMP 1PL.IN DET.this ABL-place
puf is optional when an affix encodes movement.

You should go.

Oap-a fi-śi.
should.do-2s ABL-place
Demonstrating how eloĭ is optional.

I will be happy to go.

Es-puf-eke eloĭ fi-śi
BEN.FORM-be-1s.FUT DET.this ABL-place

He will arrive soon.

Puf-iu eloĭ saĭ-śi oĺa
be-3s.FUT DET.this LAT-place soon

The baby's ball has rolled away.

Opo-seaĭ sou somus-ese fi-śi
GEN-baby ball roll-3s.INAN.PST ABL-place

The two boys are working together.

Kulo-ki sonim-aĭa puf-iro aĭk-eloĭ-ki
boy-DU work-PTCT be.3DU.AN COM-DET.them-DU

This mist will probably clear away.

Kusuo alosof-iu pokiko
mist end-3s.AN.FUT probable

Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.

Suĭtu-ńa antali-lo oas-ala uko śi
flower-PL beautiful-AUG grow-3PL.INAN all place

We should eat more slowly.

Oap-eĭ oes-oĭa peĭalśe-moĭ-o
should-1PAU.IN eat-PTCP slow-COMP-AUG

You have come too soon.

Toon-oe puf-a oĺa takeĭ
come.2s.PST PERF.2s soon too
When a past-tense is followed by the present-tense puf, it indicates the present perfect.

You must write more neatly.

Tuksun-oĭa saśim-a tatumo-moĭ-lo
write.PTCP must.do-2s careful-COMP-AUG

Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.

Iam-omo siĺao-su enopo-so iki tamese śit́ami ium-omo
seem-3s.INAN stern bow-DAT CONJ.ADV wonderful palace stand.3s.INAN
iamomo siĺaosu enoposo is a metaphor roughly meaning "as the stern is to the bow".

Henry's dog is lost.

Opo-Henry pei puf-i oĭl-topou
GEN-Henry dog be-3s.AN LOC-unknown
puf is optional when an affix encodes location.

My cat is black.

O-husa umu puf-i uĭmu
GEN-1s cat be-3s.AN black

The little girl's doll is broken.

Opo-kusa aki karaki etook-aĭa puf-ofo
GEN-girl little doll break-PTCP be-3s.INAN

I usually sleep soundly.

Husa saas-oĭa tia-lo tues-e
1s sleep-PTCP sometimes-AUG do.habitually-1s
Husa is optional, but would most likely be said here for clarity.
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