Difference between revisions of "Ancient Kartara/Verbs"

< Ancient Kartara
m (→‎Past Tense: dumb typo)
 
(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
Verbs are grouped into three or four categories based on their final sounds.
+
Verbs are grouped into three or four categories based on their final consonants.
  
−
* '''Group 1''' consists of verbs ending with the labial consonants ''p'', ''m'' and ''f''.
+
* '''Group 1''' consists of verbs with the labial consonants ''p'', ''m'' and ''f''.
 
* '''Group 2''' consists of the dental and retroflex consonants, but is split into two series.
 
* '''Group 2''' consists of the dental and retroflex consonants, but is split into two series.
 
** '''Series 2a''' contains ''s'', ''t'' and ''n''.
 
** '''Series 2a''' contains ''s'', ''t'' and ''n''.
Line 22: Line 22:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=p
 
|f1=p
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=m f p
 
|f1s=m f p
 
|f1e=eo
 
|f1e=eo
 
|f2=p
 
|f2=p
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=m f p
 
|f2s=m f p
 
|f2e=e&#301;
 
|f2e=e&#301;
 
|f3=p
 
|f3=p
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=m f p
 
|f3s=m f p
 
|f3e=a&#301;
 
|f3e=a&#301;
 
|f4=p
 
|f4=p
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=m f p
 
|f4s=m f p
 
|f4e=e
 
|f4e=e
 
|f5=p
 
|f5=p
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=m f p
 
|f5s=m f p
 
|f5e=uo
 
|f5e=uo
 
|f6=p
 
|f6=p
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=m f p
 
|f6s=m f p
 
|f6e=ae
 
|f6e=ae
 
|f7=p
 
|f7=p
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=m f p
 
|f7s=m f p
 
|f7e=ou
 
|f7e=ou
 
|f8=p
 
|f8=p
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=m f p
 
|f8s=m f p
 
|f8e=a
 
|f8e=a
 
|f9=p
 
|f9=p
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=m f p
 
|f9s=m f p
 
|f9e=ara
 
|f9e=ara
 
|f10=p
 
|f10=p
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=m f p
 
|f10s=m f p
 
|f10e=ala
 
|f10e=ala
 
|f11=p
 
|f11=p
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=m f p
 
|f11s=m f p
 
|f11e=a<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="pG1">p</strong>e
 
|f11e=a<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="pG1">p</strong>e
 
|f12=p
 
|f12=p
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=m f p
 
|f12s=m f p
 
|f12e=are&#301;
 
|f12e=are&#301;
 
|f13=p
 
|f13=p
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=m f p
 
|f13s=m f p
 
|f13e=ale&#301;
 
|f13e=ale&#301;
 
|f14=p
 
|f14=p
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=m f p
 
|f14s=m f p
 
|f14e=i
 
|f14e=i
 
|f15=p
 
|f15=p
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=m f p
 
|f15s=m f p
 
|f15e=iro
 
|f15e=iro
 
|f16=p
 
|f16=p
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=m f p
 
|f16s=m f p
 
|f16e=ilo
 
|f16e=ilo
 
|f17=p
 
|f17=p
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=m f p
 
|f17s=m f p
 
|f17e=o<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="pG1">p</strong>o
 
|f17e=o<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="pG1">p</strong>o
 
|f18=p
 
|f18=p
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=m f p
 
|f18s=m f p
 
|f18e=oro
 
|f18e=oro
 
|f19=p
 
|f19=p
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=m f p
 
|f19s=m f p
 
|f19e=olo
 
|f19e=olo
Line 83: Line 102:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=s
 
|f1=s
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=t n s
 
|f1s=t n s
 
|f1e=io
 
|f1e=io
 
|f2=s
 
|f2=s
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=t n s
 
|f2s=t n s
 
|f2e=u<strong data-swap="t n s" data-swap-nexus="pG2a">s</strong>u
 
|f2e=u<strong data-swap="t n s" data-swap-nexus="pG2a">s</strong>u
 
|f3=s
 
|f3=s
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=t n s
 
|f3s=t n s
 
|f3e=o&#301;
 
|f3e=o&#301;
 
|f4=s
 
|f4=s
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=t n s
 
|f4s=t n s
 
|f4e=e
 
|f4e=e
 
|f5=s
 
|f5=s
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=t n s
 
|f5s=t n s
 
|f5e=u
 
|f5e=u
 
|f6=s
 
|f6=s
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=t n s
 
|f6s=t n s
 
|f6e=a&#301;
 
|f6e=a&#301;
 
|f7=s
 
|f7=s
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=t n s
 
|f7s=t n s
 
|f7e=ua&#301;
 
|f7e=ua&#301;
 
|f8=s
 
|f8=s
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=t n s
 
|f8s=t n s
 
|f8e=i
 
|f8e=i
 
|f9=s
 
|f9=s
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=t n s
 
|f9s=t n s
 
|f9e=aro
 
|f9e=aro
 
|f10=s
 
|f10=s
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=t n s
 
|f10s=t n s
 
|f10e=alo
 
|f10e=alo
 
|f11=s
 
|f11=s
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=t n s
 
|f11s=t n s
 
|f11e=i<strong data-swap="t n s" data-swap-nexus="pG2a">s</strong>e&#301;
 
|f11e=i<strong data-swap="t n s" data-swap-nexus="pG2a">s</strong>e&#301;
 
|f12=s
 
|f12=s
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=t n s
 
|f12s=t n s
 
|f12e=are&#301;
 
|f12e=are&#301;
 
|f13=s
 
|f13=s
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=t n s
 
|f13s=t n s
 
|f13e=ale&#301;
 
|f13e=ale&#301;
 
|f14=s
 
|f14=s
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=t n s
 
|f14s=t n s
 
|f14e=o
 
|f14e=o
 
|f15=s
 
|f15=s
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=t n s
 
|f15s=t n s
 
|f15e=ore
 
|f15e=ore
 
|f16=s
 
|f16=s
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=t n s
 
|f16s=t n s
 
|f16e=ole
 
|f16e=ole
 
|f17=s
 
|f17=s
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=t n s
 
|f17s=t n s
 
|f17e=aa
 
|f17e=aa
 
|f18=s
 
|f18=s
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=t n s
 
|f18s=t n s
 
|f18e=ara
 
|f18e=ara
 
|f19=s
 
|f19=s
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=t n s
 
|f19s=t n s
 
|f19e=ala
 
|f19e=ala
Line 144: Line 182:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=ś
 
|f1=ś
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=t́ ń ś
 
|f1s=t́ ń ś
 
|f1e=ua
 
|f1e=ua
 
|f2=ś
 
|f2=ś
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=t́ ń ś
 
|f2s=t́ ń ś
 
|f2e=a<strong data-swap="t́ ń ś" data-swap-nexus="pG2b">ś</strong>a
 
|f2e=a<strong data-swap="t́ ń ś" data-swap-nexus="pG2b">ś</strong>a
 
|f3=ś
 
|f3=ś
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=t́ ń ś
 
|f3s=t́ ń ś
 
|f3e=e&#301;
 
|f3e=e&#301;
 
|f4=ś
 
|f4=ś
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=t́ ń ś
 
|f4s=t́ ń ś
 
|f4e=e
 
|f4e=e
 
|f5=ś
 
|f5=ś
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=t́ ń ś
 
|f5s=t́ ń ś
 
|f5e=u
 
|f5e=u
 
|f6=ś
 
|f6=ś
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=t́ ń ś
 
|f6s=t́ ń ś
 
|f6e=o&#301;
 
|f6e=o&#301;
 
|f7=ś
 
|f7=ś
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=t́ ń ś
 
|f7s=t́ ń ś
 
|f7e=uo&#301;
 
|f7e=uo&#301;
 
|f8=ś
 
|f8=ś
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=t́ ń ś
 
|f8s=t́ ń ś
 
|f8e=u
 
|f8e=u
 
|f9=ś
 
|f9=ś
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=t́ ń ś
 
|f9s=t́ ń ś
 
|f9e=uro
 
|f9e=uro
 
|f10=ś
 
|f10=ś
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=t́ ń ś
 
|f10s=t́ ń ś
 
|f10e=uĺo
 
|f10e=uĺo
 
|f11=ś
 
|f11=ś
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=t́ ń ś
 
|f11s=t́ ń ś
 
|f11e=u<strong data-swap="t́ ń ś" data-swap-nexus="pG2b">ś</strong>e&#301;
 
|f11e=u<strong data-swap="t́ ń ś" data-swap-nexus="pG2b">ś</strong>e&#301;
 
|f12=ś
 
|f12=ś
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=t́ ń ś
 
|f12s=t́ ń ś
 
|f12e=ure&#301;
 
|f12e=ure&#301;
 
|f13=ś
 
|f13=ś
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=t́ ń ś
 
|f13s=t́ ń ś
 
|f13e=uĺe&#301;
 
|f13e=uĺe&#301;
 
|f14=ś
 
|f14=ś
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=t́ ń ś
 
|f14s=t́ ń ś
 
|f14e=o
 
|f14e=o
 
|f15=ś
 
|f15=ś
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=t́ ń ś
 
|f15s=t́ ń ś
 
|f15e=ore
 
|f15e=ore
 
|f16=ś
 
|f16=ś
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=t́ ń ś
 
|f16s=t́ ń ś
 
|f16e=oĺe
 
|f16e=oĺe
 
|f17=ś
 
|f17=ś
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=t́ ń ś
 
|f17s=t́ ń ś
 
|f17e=aa
 
|f17e=aa
 
|f18=ś
 
|f18=ś
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=t́ ń ś
 
|f18s=t́ ń ś
 
|f18e=ara
 
|f18e=ara
 
|f19=ś
 
|f19=ś
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=t́ ń ś
 
|f19s=t́ ń ś
 
|f19e=aĺa
 
|f19e=aĺa
Line 205: Line 262:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=h
 
|f1=h
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=k h
 
|f1s=k h
 
|f1e=ee
 
|f1e=ee
 
|f2=h
 
|f2=h
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=k h
 
|f2s=k h
 
|f2e=a&#301;
 
|f2e=a&#301;
 
|f3=h
 
|f3=h
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=k h
 
|f3s=k h
 
|f3e=uu
 
|f3e=uu
 
|f4=h
 
|f4=h
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=k h
 
|f4s=k h
 
|f4e=e
 
|f4e=e
 
|f5=h
 
|f5=h
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=k h
 
|f5s=k h
 
|f5e=eo
 
|f5e=eo
 
|f6=h
 
|f6=h
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=k h
 
|f6s=k h
 
|f6e=oe
 
|f6e=oe
 
|f7=h
 
|f7=h
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=k h
 
|f7s=k h
 
|f7e=oe
 
|f7e=oe
 
|f8=h
 
|f8=h
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=k h
 
|f8s=k h
 
|f8e=a
 
|f8e=a
 
|f9=h
 
|f9=h
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=k h
 
|f9s=k h
 
|f9e=ara
 
|f9e=ara
 
|f10=h
 
|f10=h
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=k h
 
|f10s=k h
 
|f10e=ala
 
|f10e=ala
 
|f11=h
 
|f11=h
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=k h
 
|f11s=k h
 
|f11e=ate
 
|f11e=ate
 
|f12=h
 
|f12=h
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=k h
 
|f12s=k h
 
|f12e=are&#301;
 
|f12e=are&#301;
 
|f13=h
 
|f13=h
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=k h
 
|f13s=k h
 
|f13e=ale&#301;
 
|f13e=ale&#301;
 
|f14=h
 
|f14=h
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=k h
 
|f14s=k h
 
|f14e=a
 
|f14e=a
 
|f15=h
 
|f15=h
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=k h
 
|f15s=k h
 
|f15e=aro
 
|f15e=aro
 
|f16=h
 
|f16=h
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=k h
 
|f16s=k h
 
|f16e=alo
 
|f16e=alo
 
|f17=h
 
|f17=h
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=k h
 
|f17s=k h
 
|f17e=iki
 
|f17e=iki
 
|f18=h
 
|f18=h
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=k h
 
|f18s=k h
 
|f18e=iri
 
|f18e=iri
 
|f19=h
 
|f19=h
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=k h
 
|f19s=k h
 
|f19e=ili
 
|f19e=ili
Line 266: Line 342:
 
==Past Tense==
 
==Past Tense==
  
−
In past and future tenses, Group 2 is no longer split into two series. However, the final ''l'' in plural endings changes to ''ĺ'' when preceded by a 2a consonant.
+
In past and future tenses, Group 2 is no longer split into two series. However, the final ''l'' in plural endings changes to ''ĺ'' when preceded by a 2b consonant.
  
 
<localtag flexwrapstart />
 
<localtag flexwrapstart />
Line 273: Line 349:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=p
 
|f1=p
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=m f p
 
|f1s=m f p
 
|f1e=eto
 
|f1e=eto
 
|f2=p
 
|f2=p
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=m f p
 
|f2s=m f p
 
|f2e=o&#301;
 
|f2e=o&#301;
 
|f3=p
 
|f3=p
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=m f p
 
|f3s=m f p
 
|f3e=u&#301;
 
|f3e=u&#301;
 
|f4=p
 
|f4=p
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=m f p
 
|f4s=m f p
 
|f4e=ee
 
|f4e=ee
 
|f5=p
 
|f5=p
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=m f p
 
|f5s=m f p
 
|f5e=ue
 
|f5e=ue
 
|f6=p
 
|f6=p
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=m f p
 
|f6s=m f p
 
|f6e=ate
 
|f6e=ate
 
|f7=p
 
|f7=p
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=m f p
 
|f7s=m f p
 
|f7e=otu
 
|f7e=otu
 
|f8=p
 
|f8=p
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=m f p
 
|f8s=m f p
 
|f8e=u
 
|f8e=u
 
|f9=p
 
|f9=p
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=m f p
 
|f9s=m f p
 
|f9e=uru
 
|f9e=uru
 
|f10=p
 
|f10=p
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=m f p
 
|f10s=m f p
 
|f10e=ulu
 
|f10e=ulu
 
|f11=p
 
|f11=p
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=m f p
 
|f11s=m f p
 
|f11e=u<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="psG1">p</strong>e
 
|f11e=u<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="psG1">p</strong>e
 
|f12=p
 
|f12=p
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=m f p
 
|f12s=m f p
 
|f12e=ure&#301;
 
|f12e=ure&#301;
 
|f13=p
 
|f13=p
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=m f p
 
|f13s=m f p
 
|f13e=ule&#301;
 
|f13e=ule&#301;
 
|f14=p
 
|f14=p
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=m f p
 
|f14s=m f p
 
|f14e=io
 
|f14e=io
 
|f15=p
 
|f15=p
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=m f p
 
|f15s=m f p
 
|f15e=ira
 
|f15e=ira
 
|f16=p
 
|f16=p
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=m f p
 
|f16s=m f p
 
|f16e=ila
 
|f16e=ila
 
|f17=p
 
|f17=p
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=m f p
 
|f17s=m f p
 
|f17e=i<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="psG1">p</strong>i
 
|f17e=i<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="psG1">p</strong>i
 
|f18=p
 
|f18=p
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=m f p
 
|f18s=m f p
 
|f18e=iri
 
|f18e=iri
 
|f19=p
 
|f19=p
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=m f p
 
|f19s=m f p
 
|f19e=ili
 
|f19e=ili
Line 334: Line 429:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=s
 
|f1=s
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f1s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f1e=oo
 
|f1e=oo
 
|f2=s
 
|f2=s
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f2s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f2e=i<strong data-swap="ś t t́ n ń s" data-swap-nexus="psG2">s</strong>u
 
|f2e=i<strong data-swap="ś t t́ n ń s" data-swap-nexus="psG2">s</strong>u
 
|f3=s
 
|f3=s
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f3s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f3e=oto
 
|f3e=oto
 
|f4=s
 
|f4=s
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f4s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f4e=ee
 
|f4e=ee
 
|f5=s
 
|f5=s
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f5s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f5e=ue
 
|f5e=ue
 
|f6=s
 
|f6=s
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f6s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f6e=ati
 
|f6e=ati
 
|f7=s
 
|f7=s
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f7s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f7e=uto&#301;
 
|f7e=uto&#301;
 
|f8=s
 
|f8=s
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f8s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f8e=oe
 
|f8e=oe
 
|f9=s
 
|f9=s
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f9s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f9e=ure
 
|f9e=ure
 
|f10=s
 
|f10=s
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f10s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f10e=u<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>e
 
|f10e=u<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>e
 
|f11=s
 
|f11=s
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f11s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f11e=o<strong data-swap="ś t t́ n ń s" data-swap-nexus="psG2">s</strong>e&#301;
 
|f11e=o<strong data-swap="ś t t́ n ń s" data-swap-nexus="psG2">s</strong>e&#301;
 
|f12=s
 
|f12=s
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f12s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f12e=uro&#301;
 
|f12e=uro&#301;
 
|f13=s
 
|f13=s
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f13s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f13e=u<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>o&#301;
 
|f13e=u<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>o&#301;
 
|f14=s
 
|f14=s
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f14s=ś t t́ n ń s
−
|f14e=oe
+
|f14e=ae
 
|f15=s
 
|f15=s
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f15s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f15e=ire
 
|f15e=ire
 
|f16=s
 
|f16=s
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f16s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f16e=i<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>e
 
|f16e=i<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>e
 
|f17=s
 
|f17=s
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f17s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f17e=ese
 
|f17e=ese
 
|f18=s
 
|f18=s
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f18s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f18e=iri
 
|f18e=iri
 
|f19=s
 
|f19=s
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f19s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f19e=i<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>i
 
|f19e=i<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>i
Line 395: Line 509:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=h
 
|f1=h
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=k h
 
|f1s=k h
 
|f1e=ete
 
|f1e=ete
 
|f2=h
 
|f2=h
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=k h
 
|f2s=k h
 
|f2e=u&#301;
 
|f2e=u&#301;
 
|f3=h
 
|f3=h
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=k h
 
|f3s=k h
 
|f3e=utu
 
|f3e=utu
 
|f4=h
 
|f4=h
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=k h
 
|f4s=k h
 
|f4e=ii
 
|f4e=ii
 
|f5=h
 
|f5=h
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=k h
 
|f5s=k h
 
|f5e=etu
 
|f5e=etu
 
|f6=h
 
|f6=h
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=k h
 
|f6s=k h
 
|f6e=ote
 
|f6e=ote
 
|f7=h
 
|f7=h
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=k h
 
|f7s=k h
 
|f7e=ote
 
|f7e=ote
 
|f8=h
 
|f8=h
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=k h
 
|f8s=k h
 
|f8e=o
 
|f8e=o
 
|f9=h
 
|f9=h
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=k h
 
|f9s=k h
 
|f9e=ore
 
|f9e=ore
 
|f10=h
 
|f10=h
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=k h
 
|f10s=k h
 
|f10e=ole
 
|f10e=ole
 
|f11=h
 
|f11=h
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=k h
 
|f11s=k h
 
|f11e=ote&#301;
 
|f11e=ote&#301;
 
|f12=h
 
|f12=h
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=k h
 
|f12s=k h
 
|f12e=ore&#301;
 
|f12e=ore&#301;
 
|f13=h
 
|f13=h
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=k h
 
|f13s=k h
 
|f13e=ole&#301;
 
|f13e=ole&#301;
 
|f14=h
 
|f14=h
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=k h
 
|f14s=k h
 
|f14e=io
 
|f14e=io
 
|f15=h
 
|f15=h
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=k h
 
|f15s=k h
 
|f15e=era
 
|f15e=era
 
|f16=h
 
|f16=h
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=k h
 
|f16s=k h
 
|f16e=ela
 
|f16e=ela
 
|f17=h
 
|f17=h
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=k h
 
|f17s=k h
 
|f17e=eko
 
|f17e=eko
 
|f18=h
 
|f18=h
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=k h
 
|f18s=k h
 
|f18e=eri
 
|f18e=eri
 
|f19=h
 
|f19=h
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=k h
 
|f19s=k h
 
|f19e=eli
 
|f19e=eli
Line 461: Line 594:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=p
 
|f1=p
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=m f p
 
|f1s=m f p
 
|f1e=eko
 
|f1e=eko
 
|f2=p
 
|f2=p
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=m f p
 
|f2s=m f p
 
|f2e=oki
 
|f2e=oki
 
|f3=p
 
|f3=p
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=m f p
 
|f3s=m f p
 
|f3e=uki
 
|f3e=uki
 
|f4=p
 
|f4=p
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=m f p
 
|f4s=m f p
 
|f4e=eke
 
|f4e=eke
 
|f5=p
 
|f5=p
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=m f p
 
|f5s=m f p
 
|f5e=uke&#301;
 
|f5e=uke&#301;
 
|f6=p
 
|f6=p
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=m f p
 
|f6s=m f p
 
|f6e=ake
 
|f6e=ake
 
|f7=p
 
|f7=p
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=m f p
 
|f7s=m f p
 
|f7e=oku
 
|f7e=oku
 
|f8=p
 
|f8=p
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=m f p
 
|f8s=m f p
 
|f8e=o
 
|f8e=o
 
|f9=p
 
|f9=p
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=m f p
 
|f9s=m f p
 
|f9e=ere
 
|f9e=ere
 
|f10=p
 
|f10=p
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=m f p
 
|f10s=m f p
 
|f10e=ele
 
|f10e=ele
 
|f11=p
 
|f11=p
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=m f p
 
|f11s=m f p
 
|f11e=o<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="fG1">p</strong>e
 
|f11e=o<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="fG1">p</strong>e
 
|f12=p
 
|f12=p
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=m f p
 
|f12s=m f p
 
|f12e=ero&#301;
 
|f12e=ero&#301;
 
|f13=p
 
|f13=p
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=m f p
 
|f13s=m f p
 
|f13e=elo&#301;
 
|f13e=elo&#301;
 
|f14=p
 
|f14=p
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=m f p
 
|f14s=m f p
 
|f14e=iu
 
|f14e=iu
 
|f15=p
 
|f15=p
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=m f p
 
|f15s=m f p
 
|f15e=ura
 
|f15e=ura
 
|f16=p
 
|f16=p
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=m f p
 
|f16s=m f p
 
|f16e=ula
 
|f16e=ula
 
|f17=p
 
|f17=p
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=m f p
 
|f17s=m f p
 
|f17e=e&#301;<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="fG1">p</strong>o
 
|f17e=e&#301;<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="fG1">p</strong>o
 
|f18=p
 
|f18=p
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=m f p
 
|f18s=m f p
 
|f18e=e&#301;ro
 
|f18e=e&#301;ro
 
|f19=p
 
|f19=p
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=m f p
 
|f19s=m f p
 
|f19e=e&#301;lo
 
|f19e=e&#301;lo
Line 522: Line 674:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=s
 
|f1=s
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f1s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f1e=uku
 
|f1e=uku
 
|f2=s
 
|f2=s
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f2s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f2e=uko&#301;
 
|f2e=uko&#301;
 
|f3=s
 
|f3=s
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f3s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f3e=iko&#301;
 
|f3e=iko&#301;
 
|f4=s
 
|f4=s
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f4s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f4e=eke
 
|f4e=eke
 
|f5=s
 
|f5=s
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f5s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f5e=eku&#301;
 
|f5e=eku&#301;
 
|f6=s
 
|f6=s
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f6s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f6e=apa
 
|f6e=apa
 
|f7=s
 
|f7=s
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f7s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f7e=upu
 
|f7e=upu
 
|f8=s
 
|f8=s
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f8s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f8e=ii
 
|f8e=ii
 
|f9=s
 
|f9=s
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f9s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f9e=oru
 
|f9e=oru
 
|f10=s
 
|f10=s
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f10s=ś t t́ n ń s
−
|f10e=o<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>u
+
|f10e=o<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="fG2">l</span>u
 
|f11=s
 
|f11=s
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f11s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f11e=ie&#301;
 
|f11e=ie&#301;
 
|f12=s
 
|f12=s
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f12s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f12e=oru&#301;
 
|f12e=oru&#301;
 
|f13=s
 
|f13=s
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f13s=ś t t́ n ń s
−
|f13e=o<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>u&#301;
+
|f13e=o<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="fG2">l</span>u&#301;
 
|f14=s
 
|f14=s
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f14s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f14e=epe
 
|f14e=epe
 
|f15=s
 
|f15=s
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f15s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f15e=eri
 
|f15e=eri
 
|f16=s
 
|f16=s
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f16s=ś t t́ n ń s
−
|f16e=e<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>i
+
|f16e=e<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="fG2">l</span>i
 
|f17=s
 
|f17=s
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f17s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f17e=u&#301;a
 
|f17e=u&#301;a
 
|f18=s
 
|f18=s
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f18s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f18e=u&#301;ra
 
|f18e=u&#301;ra
 
|f19=s
 
|f19=s
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=ś t t́ n ń s
 
|f19s=ś t t́ n ń s
−
|f19e=u&#301;<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>a
+
|f19e=u&#301;<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="fG2">l</span>a
 
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 
{{Verb AK|title=G3
 
{{Verb AK|title=G3
Line 583: Line 754:
 
|time=2000
 
|time=2000
 
|f1=h
 
|f1=h
 +
|f1p=-
 
|f1s=k h
 
|f1s=k h
 
|f1e=epe
 
|f1e=epe
 
|f2=h
 
|f2=h
 +
|f2p=-
 
|f2s=k h
 
|f2s=k h
 
|f2e=o&#301;a
 
|f2e=o&#301;a
 
|f3=h
 
|f3=h
 +
|f3p=-
 
|f3s=k h
 
|f3s=k h
 
|f3e=ua
 
|f3e=ua
 
|f4=h
 
|f4=h
 +
|f4p=-
 
|f4s=k h
 
|f4s=k h
 
|f4e=oke
 
|f4e=oke
 
|f5=h
 
|f5=h
 +
|f5p=-
 
|f5s=k h
 
|f5s=k h
 
|f5e=o&#301;tu
 
|f5e=o&#301;tu
 
|f6=h
 
|f6=h
 +
|f6p=-
 
|f6s=k h
 
|f6s=k h
 
|f6e=o&#301;ta
 
|f6e=o&#301;ta
 
|f7=h
 
|f7=h
 +
|f7p=-
 
|f7s=k h
 
|f7s=k h
 
|f7e=o&#301;ta
 
|f7e=o&#301;ta
 
|f8=h
 
|f8=h
 +
|f8p=-
 
|f8s=k h
 
|f8s=k h
 
|f8e=uku
 
|f8e=uku
 
|f9=h
 
|f9=h
 +
|f9p=-
 
|f9s=k h
 
|f9s=k h
 
|f9e=uru
 
|f9e=uru
 
|f10=h
 
|f10=h
 +
|f10p=-
 
|f10s=k h
 
|f10s=k h
 
|f10e=ulu
 
|f10e=ulu
 
|f11=h
 
|f11=h
 +
|f11p=-
 
|f11s=k h
 
|f11s=k h
 
|f11e=uku&#301;
 
|f11e=uku&#301;
 
|f12=h
 
|f12=h
 +
|f12p=-
 
|f12s=k h
 
|f12s=k h
 
|f12e=uru&#301;
 
|f12e=uru&#301;
 
|f13=h
 
|f13=h
 +
|f13p=-
 
|f13s=k h
 
|f13s=k h
 
|f13e=ulu&#301;
 
|f13e=ulu&#301;
 
|f14=h
 
|f14=h
 +
|f14p=-
 
|f14s=k h
 
|f14s=k h
 
|f14e=epe
 
|f14e=epe
 
|f15=h
 
|f15=h
 +
|f15p=-
 
|f15s=k h
 
|f15s=k h
 
|f15e=eri
 
|f15e=eri
 
|f16=h
 
|f16=h
 +
|f16p=-
 
|f16s=k h
 
|f16s=k h
 
|f16e=eli
 
|f16e=eli
 
|f17=h
 
|f17=h
 +
|f17p=-
 
|f17s=k h
 
|f17s=k h
 
|f17e=u&#301;ta
 
|f17e=u&#301;ta
 
|f18=h
 
|f18=h
 +
|f18p=-
 
|f18s=k h
 
|f18s=k h
 
|f18e=u&#301;ra
 
|f18e=u&#301;ra
 
|f19=h
 
|f19=h
 +
|f19p=-
 
|f19s=k h
 
|f19s=k h
 
|f19e=u&#301;la
 
|f19e=u&#301;la
 
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 
<localtag flexwrapend />
 
<localtag flexwrapend />
−
 
−
==Infinitive, Gerund and Participles==
 
−
 
−
When transforming a verb into a noun or adjective, the verb takes a participle suffix.
 
−
 
−
{| class="wikitable tableC"
 
−
! style="text-align: right;"|<localtag swapStopperMuteCustom="iG!2000!G1" />
 
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="iG" data-swap="f p">p</strong>a&#301;a
 
−
|-
 
−
! style="text-align: right;"|G2
 
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="iG" data-swap="ś t t́ n ń s">s</strong>o&#301;a
 
−
|-
 
−
! style="text-align: right;"|G3
 
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="iG" data-swap="h k">k</strong>a&#301;a
 
−
|}
 

Latest revision as of 07:07, 8 August 2023

Verbs are grouped into three or four categories based on their final consonants.

  • Group 1 consists of verbs with the labial consonants p, m and f.
  • Group 2 consists of the dental and retroflex consonants, but is split into two series.
    • Series 2a contains s, t and n.
    • Series 2b contains ś, t́ and ń.
  • Group 3 consists of the velar consonants h and k.

Animations

The tables below cycle through the consonants in their groups every two seconds. Click on the checkbox by the group's name to pause that group's animation.

!

Present Tense

Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -peo-peĭ-paĭ
1st (exclusive) -pe-puo-pae-pou
2nd -pa-para-pala
2nd (formal) -pape-pareĭ-paleĭ
3rd (animate) -pi-piro-pilo
3rd (inanimate) -popo-poro-polo
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -sio-susu-soĭ
1st (exclusive) -se-su-saĭ-suaĭ
2nd -si-saro-salo
2nd (formal) -siseĭ-sareĭ-saleĭ
3rd (animate) -so-sore-sole
3rd (inanimate) -saa-sara-sala
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -śua-śaśa-śeĭ
1st (exclusive) -śe-śu-śoĭ-śuoĭ
2nd -śu-śuro-śuĺo
2nd (formal) -śuśeĭ-śureĭ-śuĺeĭ
3rd (animate) -śo-śore-śoĺe
3rd (inanimate) -śaa-śara-śaĺa
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -hee-haĭ-huu
1st (exclusive) -he-heo-hoe-hoe
2nd -ha-hara-hala
2nd (formal) -hate-hareĭ-haleĭ
3rd (animate) -ha-haro-halo
3rd (inanimate) -hiki-hiri-hili

Past Tense

In past and future tenses, Group 2 is no longer split into two series. However, the final l in plural endings changes to ĺ when preceded by a 2b consonant.

Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -peto-poĭ-puĭ
1st (exclusive) -pee-pue-pate-potu
2nd -pu-puru-pulu
2nd (formal) -pupe-pureĭ-puleĭ
3rd (animate) -pio-pira-pila
3rd (inanimate) -pipi-piri-pili
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -soo-sisu-soto
1st (exclusive) -see-sue-sati-sutoĭ
2nd -soe-sure-sule
2nd (formal) -soseĭ-suroĭ-suloĭ
3rd (animate) -sae-sire-sile
3rd (inanimate) -sese-siri-sili
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -hete-huĭ-hutu
1st (exclusive) -hii-hetu-hote-hote
2nd -ho-hore-hole
2nd (formal) -hoteĭ-horeĭ-holeĭ
3rd (animate) -hio-hera-hela
3rd (inanimate) -heko-heri-heli

Future Tense

Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -peko-poki-puki
1st (exclusive) -peke-pukeĭ-pake-poku
2nd -po-pere-pele
2nd (formal) -pope-peroĭ-peloĭ
3rd (animate) -piu-pura-pula
3rd (inanimate) -peĭpo-peĭro-peĭlo
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -suku-sukoĭ-sikoĭ
1st (exclusive) -seke-sekuĭ-sapa-supu
2nd -sii-soru-solu
2nd (formal) -sieĭ-soruĭ-soluĭ
3rd (animate) -sepe-seri-seli
3rd (inanimate) -suĭa-suĭra-suĭla
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -hepe-hoĭa-hua
1st (exclusive) -hoke-hoĭtu-hoĭta-hoĭta
2nd -huku-huru-hulu
2nd (formal) -hukuĭ-huruĭ-huluĭ
3rd (animate) -hepe-heri-heli
3rd (inanimate) -huĭta-huĭra-huĭla
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