Difference between revisions of "Ancient Kartara/Verbs"

< Ancient Kartara
m (→‎Past Tense: dumb typo)
 
(28 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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Verbs are grouped into three or four categories based on their final sounds.
+
Verbs are grouped into three or four categories based on their final consonants.
  
−
* '''Group 1''' consists of verbs ending with the labial consonants ''p'', ''m'' and ''f''.
+
* '''Group 1''' consists of verbs with the labial consonants ''p'', ''m'' and ''f''.
 
* '''Group 2''' consists of the dental and retroflex consonants, but is split into two series.
 
* '''Group 2''' consists of the dental and retroflex consonants, but is split into two series.
 
** '''Series 2a''' contains ''s'', ''t'' and ''n''.
 
** '''Series 2a''' contains ''s'', ''t'' and ''n''.
 
** '''Series 2b''' contains ''ś'', ''t́'' and ''ń''.
 
** '''Series 2b''' contains ''ś'', ''t́'' and ''ń''.
 
* '''Group 3''' consists of the velar consonants ''h'' and ''k''.
 
* '''Group 3''' consists of the velar consonants ''h'' and ''k''.
 +
 +
===Animations===
  
 
The tables below cycle through the consonants in their groups every two seconds. Click on the checkbox by the group's name to pause that group's animation.
 
The tables below cycle through the consonants in their groups every two seconds. Click on the checkbox by the group's name to pause that group's animation.
  
−
<localtag swapStopperOverride /> Click ''this'' checkbox to pause ''all'' animations on the page.
+
<localtag swapStopperOverrideCustom="Click this checkbox to pause ALL animations on the page." />
 +
 
 +
<localtag swapStopperInverterCustom="Click this checkbox to invert the system and pause all animations EXCEPT the ones checked" />!
  
 
==Present Tense==
 
==Present Tense==
  
−
<localtag scrollwrap>
+
<localtag flexwrapstart />
−
{| class="wikitable tableC"
+
{{Verb AK|title=G1
−
|-
+
|swapper=pG1
−
! G1
+
|time=2000
−
! singular
+
|f1=p
−
! dual
+
|f1p=-
−
! paucal
+
|f1s=m f p
−
! plural
+
|f1e=eo
−
|-
+
|f2=p
−
| class="r" | 1st (inclusive)
+
|f2p=-
−
|  
+
|f2s=m f p
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>eo
+
|f2e=e&#301;
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>e&#301;
+
|f3=p
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>a&#301;
+
|f3p=-
−
|-
+
|f3s=m f p
−
| class="r" | 1st (exclusive)
+
|f3e=a&#301;
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>e
+
|f4=p
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>uo
+
|f4p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>ae
+
|f4s=m f p
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>ou
+
|f4e=e
−
|-
+
|f5=p
−
| class="r" | 2nd
+
|f5p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>a<strong data-swap="m f p">p</strong>a
+
|f5s=m f p
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>ara
+
|f5e=uo
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>ala
+
|f6=p
−
|-
+
|f6p=-
−
| class="r" | 2nd (formal)
+
|f6s=m f p
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>a<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="m f p">p</strong>e
+
|f6e=ae
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>are&#301;
+
|f7=p
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>ale&#301;
+
|f7p=-
−
|-
+
|f7s=m f p
−
| class="r" | 3rd (animate)
+
|f7e=ou
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>i
+
|f8=p
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>iro
+
|f8p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>ilo
+
|f8s=m f p
−
|-
+
|f8e=a
−
| class="r" | 3rd (inanimate)
+
|f9=p
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>o<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>o
+
|f9p=-
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>oro
+
|f9s=m f p
−
| -<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="main">p</strong>olo
+
|f9e=ara
−
|-
+
|f10=p
−
! G2a
+
|f10p=-
−
! colspan="4" |
+
|f10s=m f p
−
|-
+
|f10e=ala
−
| class="r" | 1st (inclusive)
+
|f11=p
−
|  
+
|f11p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap="t n s" data-swap-nexus="main">s</strong>io
+
|f11s=m f p
−
| -<strong data-swap="t n s" data-swap-nexus="main">s</strong>u<strong data-swap="t n s">s</strong>u
+
|f11e=a<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="pG1">p</strong>e
−
| -<strong data-swap="t n s" data-swap-nexus="main">s</strong>o&#301;
+
|f12=p
−
|-
+
|f12p=-
−
| class="r" | 1st (exclusive)
+
|f12s=m f p
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>e
+
|f12e=are&#301;
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>u
+
|f13=p
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>a&#301;
+
|f13p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>ua&#301;
+
|f13s=m f p
−
|-
+
|f13e=ale&#301;
−
| class="r" | 2nd
+
|f14=p
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>i<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>i
+
|f14p=-
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>aro
+
|f14s=m f p
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>alo
+
|f14e=i
−
|-
+
|f15=p
−
| class="r" | 2nd (formal)
+
|f15p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>i<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>e&#301;
+
|f15s=m f p
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>are&#301;
+
|f15e=iro
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>ale&#301;
+
|f16=p
−
|-
+
|f16p=-
−
| class="r" | 3rd (animate)
+
|f16s=m f p
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>o
+
|f16e=ilo
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>ore
+
|f17=p
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>ole
+
|f17p=-
−
|-
+
|f17s=m f p
−
| class="r" | 3rd (inanimate)
+
|f17e=o<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="pG1">p</strong>o
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>aa
+
|f18=p
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>ara
+
|f18p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t n s">s</strong>ala
+
|f18s=m f p
−
|-
+
|f18e=oro
−
! G2b
+
|f19=p
−
! colspan="4" |  
+
|f19p=-
−
|-
+
|f19s=m f p
−
| class="r" | 1st (inclusive)
+
|f19e=olo
−
|  
+
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>ua
+
{{Verb AK|title=G2a
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>a<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>a
+
|swapper=pG2a
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>e&#301;
+
|time=2000
−
|-
+
|f1=s
−
| class="r" | 1st (exclusive)
+
|f1p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>e
+
|f1s=t n s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>u
+
|f1e=io
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>o&#301;
+
|f2=s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>uo&#301;
+
|f2p=-
−
|-
+
|f2s=t n s
−
| class="r" | 2nd
+
|f2e=u<strong data-swap="t n s" data-swap-nexus="pG2a">s</strong>u
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>u<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>u
+
|f3=s
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>uro
+
|f3p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>uĺo
+
|f3s=t n s
−
|-
+
|f3e=o&#301;
−
| class="r" | 2nd (formal)
+
|f4=s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>u<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>e&#301;
+
|f4p=-
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>ure&#301;
+
|f4s=t n s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>uĺe&#301;
+
|f4e=e
−
|-
+
|f5=s
−
| class="r" | 3rd (animate)
+
|f5p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>o
+
|f5s=t n s
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>ore
+
|f5e=u
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>oĺe
+
|f6=s
−
|-
+
|f6p=-
−
| class="r" | 3rd (inanimate)
+
|f6s=t n s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>aa
+
|f6e=a&#301;
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>ara
+
|f7=s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="t́ ń ś">ś</strong>aĺa
+
|f7p=-
−
|-
+
|f7s=t n s
−
! G3
+
|f7e=ua&#301;
−
! colspan="4" |
+
|f8=s
−
|-
+
|f8p=-
−
| class="r" | 1st (inclusive)
+
|f8s=t n s
−
|  
+
|f8e=i
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>ee
+
|f9=s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>a&#301;
+
|f9p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>uu
+
|f9s=t n s
−
|-
+
|f9e=aro
−
| class="r" | 1st (exclusive)
+
|f10=s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>e
+
|f10p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>eo
+
|f10s=t n s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>oe
+
|f10e=alo
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>oe
+
|f11=s
−
|-
+
|f11p=-
−
| class="r" | 2nd
+
|f11s=t n s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>ana
+
|f11e=i<strong data-swap="t n s" data-swap-nexus="pG2a">s</strong>e&#301;
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>ara
+
|f12=s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>ala
+
|f12p=-
−
|-
+
|f12s=t n s
−
| class="r" | 2nd (formal)
+
|f12e=are&#301;
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>ate
+
|f13=s
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>are&#301;
+
|f13p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>ale&#301;
+
|f13s=t n s
−
|-
+
|f13e=ale&#301;
−
| class="r" | 3rd (animate)
+
|f14=s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>a
+
|f14p=-
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>aro
+
|f14s=t n s
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>alo
+
|f14e=o
−
|-
+
|f15=s
−
| class="r" | 3rd (inanimate)
+
|f15p=-
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>iki
+
|f15s=t n s
−
| colspan="2" | -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>iri
+
|f15e=ore
−
| -<strong data-swap-nexus="main" data-swap="k h">h</strong>ili
+
|f16=s
−
|}
+
|f16p=-
−
</localtag>
+
|f16s=t n s
−
<localtag swapStopper="main!2000" />
+
|f16e=ole
 +
|f17=s
 +
|f17p=-
 +
|f17s=t n s
 +
|f17e=aa
 +
|f18=s
 +
|f18p=-
 +
|f18s=t n s
 +
|f18e=ara
 +
|f19=s
 +
|f19p=-
 +
|f19s=t n s
 +
|f19e=ala
 +
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 +
{{Verb AK|title=G2b
 +
|swapper=pG2b
 +
|time=2000
 +
|f1=ś
 +
|f1p=-
 +
|f1s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f1e=ua
 +
|f2=ś
 +
|f2p=-
 +
|f2s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f2e=a<strong data-swap="t́ ń ś" data-swap-nexus="pG2b">ś</strong>a
 +
|f3=ś
 +
|f3p=-
 +
|f3s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f3e=e&#301;
 +
|f4=ś
 +
|f4p=-
 +
|f4s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f4e=e
 +
|f5=ś
 +
|f5p=-
 +
|f5s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f5e=u
 +
|f6=ś
 +
|f6p=-
 +
|f6s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f6e=o&#301;
 +
|f7=ś
 +
|f7p=-
 +
|f7s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f7e=uo&#301;
 +
|f8=ś
 +
|f8p=-
 +
|f8s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f8e=u
 +
|f9=ś
 +
|f9p=-
 +
|f9s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f9e=uro
 +
|f10=ś
 +
|f10p=-
 +
|f10s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f10e=uĺo
 +
|f11=ś
 +
|f11p=-
 +
|f11s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f11e=u<strong data-swap="t́ ń ś" data-swap-nexus="pG2b">ś</strong>e&#301;
 +
|f12=ś
 +
|f12p=-
 +
|f12s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f12e=ure&#301;
 +
|f13=ś
 +
|f13p=-
 +
|f13s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f13e=uĺe&#301;
 +
|f14=ś
 +
|f14p=-
 +
|f14s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f14e=o
 +
|f15=ś
 +
|f15p=-
 +
|f15s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f15e=ore
 +
|f16=ś
 +
|f16p=-
 +
|f16s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f16e=oĺe
 +
|f17=ś
 +
|f17p=-
 +
|f17s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f17e=aa
 +
|f18=ś
 +
|f18p=-
 +
|f18s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f18e=ara
 +
|f19=ś
 +
|f19p=-
 +
|f19s=t́ ń ś
 +
|f19e=aĺa
 +
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 +
{{Verb AK|title=G3
 +
|swapper=pG3
 +
|time=2000
 +
|f1=h
 +
|f1p=-
 +
|f1s=k h
 +
|f1e=ee
 +
|f2=h
 +
|f2p=-
 +
|f2s=k h
 +
|f2e=a&#301;
 +
|f3=h
 +
|f3p=-
 +
|f3s=k h
 +
|f3e=uu
 +
|f4=h
 +
|f4p=-
 +
|f4s=k h
 +
|f4e=e
 +
|f5=h
 +
|f5p=-
 +
|f5s=k h
 +
|f5e=eo
 +
|f6=h
 +
|f6p=-
 +
|f6s=k h
 +
|f6e=oe
 +
|f7=h
 +
|f7p=-
 +
|f7s=k h
 +
|f7e=oe
 +
|f8=h
 +
|f8p=-
 +
|f8s=k h
 +
|f8e=a
 +
|f9=h
 +
|f9p=-
 +
|f9s=k h
 +
|f9e=ara
 +
|f10=h
 +
|f10p=-
 +
|f10s=k h
 +
|f10e=ala
 +
|f11=h
 +
|f11p=-
 +
|f11s=k h
 +
|f11e=ate
 +
|f12=h
 +
|f12p=-
 +
|f12s=k h
 +
|f12e=are&#301;
 +
|f13=h
 +
|f13p=-
 +
|f13s=k h
 +
|f13e=ale&#301;
 +
|f14=h
 +
|f14p=-
 +
|f14s=k h
 +
|f14e=a
 +
|f15=h
 +
|f15p=-
 +
|f15s=k h
 +
|f15e=aro
 +
|f16=h
 +
|f16p=-
 +
|f16s=k h
 +
|f16e=alo
 +
|f17=h
 +
|f17p=-
 +
|f17s=k h
 +
|f17e=iki
 +
|f18=h
 +
|f18p=-
 +
|f18s=k h
 +
|f18e=iri
 +
|f19=h
 +
|f19p=-
 +
|f19s=k h
 +
|f19e=ili
 +
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 +
<localtag flexwrapend />
 +
 
 +
==Past Tense==
 +
 
 +
In past and future tenses, Group 2 is no longer split into two series. However, the final ''l'' in plural endings changes to ''ĺ'' when preceded by a 2b consonant.
 +
 
 +
<localtag flexwrapstart />
 +
{{Verb AK|title=G1
 +
|swapper=psG1
 +
|time=2000
 +
|f1=p
 +
|f1p=-
 +
|f1s=m f p
 +
|f1e=eto
 +
|f2=p
 +
|f2p=-
 +
|f2s=m f p
 +
|f2e=o&#301;
 +
|f3=p
 +
|f3p=-
 +
|f3s=m f p
 +
|f3e=u&#301;
 +
|f4=p
 +
|f4p=-
 +
|f4s=m f p
 +
|f4e=ee
 +
|f5=p
 +
|f5p=-
 +
|f5s=m f p
 +
|f5e=ue
 +
|f6=p
 +
|f6p=-
 +
|f6s=m f p
 +
|f6e=ate
 +
|f7=p
 +
|f7p=-
 +
|f7s=m f p
 +
|f7e=otu
 +
|f8=p
 +
|f8p=-
 +
|f8s=m f p
 +
|f8e=u
 +
|f9=p
 +
|f9p=-
 +
|f9s=m f p
 +
|f9e=uru
 +
|f10=p
 +
|f10p=-
 +
|f10s=m f p
 +
|f10e=ulu
 +
|f11=p
 +
|f11p=-
 +
|f11s=m f p
 +
|f11e=u<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="psG1">p</strong>e
 +
|f12=p
 +
|f12p=-
 +
|f12s=m f p
 +
|f12e=ure&#301;
 +
|f13=p
 +
|f13p=-
 +
|f13s=m f p
 +
|f13e=ule&#301;
 +
|f14=p
 +
|f14p=-
 +
|f14s=m f p
 +
|f14e=io
 +
|f15=p
 +
|f15p=-
 +
|f15s=m f p
 +
|f15e=ira
 +
|f16=p
 +
|f16p=-
 +
|f16s=m f p
 +
|f16e=ila
 +
|f17=p
 +
|f17p=-
 +
|f17s=m f p
 +
|f17e=i<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="psG1">p</strong>i
 +
|f18=p
 +
|f18p=-
 +
|f18s=m f p
 +
|f18e=iri
 +
|f19=p
 +
|f19p=-
 +
|f19s=m f p
 +
|f19e=ili
 +
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 +
{{Verb AK|title=G2
 +
|swapper=psG2
 +
|time=2000
 +
|f1=s
 +
|f1p=-
 +
|f1s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f1e=oo
 +
|f2=s
 +
|f2p=-
 +
|f2s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f2e=i<strong data-swap="ś t t́ n ń s" data-swap-nexus="psG2">s</strong>u
 +
|f3=s
 +
|f3p=-
 +
|f3s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f3e=oto
 +
|f4=s
 +
|f4p=-
 +
|f4s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f4e=ee
 +
|f5=s
 +
|f5p=-
 +
|f5s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f5e=ue
 +
|f6=s
 +
|f6p=-
 +
|f6s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f6e=ati
 +
|f7=s
 +
|f7p=-
 +
|f7s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f7e=uto&#301;
 +
|f8=s
 +
|f8p=-
 +
|f8s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f8e=oe
 +
|f9=s
 +
|f9p=-
 +
|f9s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f9e=ure
 +
|f10=s
 +
|f10p=-
 +
|f10s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f10e=u<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>e
 +
|f11=s
 +
|f11p=-
 +
|f11s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f11e=o<strong data-swap="ś t t́ n ń s" data-swap-nexus="psG2">s</strong>e&#301;
 +
|f12=s
 +
|f12p=-
 +
|f12s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f12e=uro&#301;
 +
|f13=s
 +
|f13p=-
 +
|f13s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f13e=u<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>o&#301;
 +
|f14=s
 +
|f14p=-
 +
|f14s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f14e=ae
 +
|f15=s
 +
|f15p=-
 +
|f15s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f15e=ire
 +
|f16=s
 +
|f16p=-
 +
|f16s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f16e=i<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>e
 +
|f17=s
 +
|f17p=-
 +
|f17s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f17e=ese
 +
|f18=s
 +
|f18p=-
 +
|f18s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f18e=iri
 +
|f19=s
 +
|f19p=-
 +
|f19s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f19e=i<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="psG2">l</span>i
 +
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 +
{{Verb AK|title=G3
 +
|swapper=psG3
 +
|time=2000
 +
|f1=h
 +
|f1p=-
 +
|f1s=k h
 +
|f1e=ete
 +
|f2=h
 +
|f2p=-
 +
|f2s=k h
 +
|f2e=u&#301;
 +
|f3=h
 +
|f3p=-
 +
|f3s=k h
 +
|f3e=utu
 +
|f4=h
 +
|f4p=-
 +
|f4s=k h
 +
|f4e=ii
 +
|f5=h
 +
|f5p=-
 +
|f5s=k h
 +
|f5e=etu
 +
|f6=h
 +
|f6p=-
 +
|f6s=k h
 +
|f6e=ote
 +
|f7=h
 +
|f7p=-
 +
|f7s=k h
 +
|f7e=ote
 +
|f8=h
 +
|f8p=-
 +
|f8s=k h
 +
|f8e=o
 +
|f9=h
 +
|f9p=-
 +
|f9s=k h
 +
|f9e=ore
 +
|f10=h
 +
|f10p=-
 +
|f10s=k h
 +
|f10e=ole
 +
|f11=h
 +
|f11p=-
 +
|f11s=k h
 +
|f11e=ote&#301;
 +
|f12=h
 +
|f12p=-
 +
|f12s=k h
 +
|f12e=ore&#301;
 +
|f13=h
 +
|f13p=-
 +
|f13s=k h
 +
|f13e=ole&#301;
 +
|f14=h
 +
|f14p=-
 +
|f14s=k h
 +
|f14e=io
 +
|f15=h
 +
|f15p=-
 +
|f15s=k h
 +
|f15e=era
 +
|f16=h
 +
|f16p=-
 +
|f16s=k h
 +
|f16e=ela
 +
|f17=h
 +
|f17p=-
 +
|f17s=k h
 +
|f17e=eko
 +
|f18=h
 +
|f18p=-
 +
|f18s=k h
 +
|f18e=eri
 +
|f19=h
 +
|f19p=-
 +
|f19s=k h
 +
|f19e=eli
 +
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 +
<localtag flexwrapend />
 +
 
 +
==Future Tense==
 +
 
 +
<localtag flexwrapstart />
 +
{{Verb AK|title=G1
 +
|swapper=fG1
 +
|time=2000
 +
|f1=p
 +
|f1p=-
 +
|f1s=m f p
 +
|f1e=eko
 +
|f2=p
 +
|f2p=-
 +
|f2s=m f p
 +
|f2e=oki
 +
|f3=p
 +
|f3p=-
 +
|f3s=m f p
 +
|f3e=uki
 +
|f4=p
 +
|f4p=-
 +
|f4s=m f p
 +
|f4e=eke
 +
|f5=p
 +
|f5p=-
 +
|f5s=m f p
 +
|f5e=uke&#301;
 +
|f6=p
 +
|f6p=-
 +
|f6s=m f p
 +
|f6e=ake
 +
|f7=p
 +
|f7p=-
 +
|f7s=m f p
 +
|f7e=oku
 +
|f8=p
 +
|f8p=-
 +
|f8s=m f p
 +
|f8e=o
 +
|f9=p
 +
|f9p=-
 +
|f9s=m f p
 +
|f9e=ere
 +
|f10=p
 +
|f10p=-
 +
|f10s=m f p
 +
|f10e=ele
 +
|f11=p
 +
|f11p=-
 +
|f11s=m f p
 +
|f11e=o<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="fG1">p</strong>e
 +
|f12=p
 +
|f12p=-
 +
|f12s=m f p
 +
|f12e=ero&#301;
 +
|f13=p
 +
|f13p=-
 +
|f13s=m f p
 +
|f13e=elo&#301;
 +
|f14=p
 +
|f14p=-
 +
|f14s=m f p
 +
|f14e=iu
 +
|f15=p
 +
|f15p=-
 +
|f15s=m f p
 +
|f15e=ura
 +
|f16=p
 +
|f16p=-
 +
|f16s=m f p
 +
|f16e=ula
 +
|f17=p
 +
|f17p=-
 +
|f17s=m f p
 +
|f17e=e&#301;<strong data-swap="m f p" data-swap-nexus="fG1">p</strong>o
 +
|f18=p
 +
|f18p=-
 +
|f18s=m f p
 +
|f18e=e&#301;ro
 +
|f19=p
 +
|f19p=-
 +
|f19s=m f p
 +
|f19e=e&#301;lo
 +
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 +
{{Verb AK|title=G2
 +
|swapper=fG2
 +
|time=2000
 +
|f1=s
 +
|f1p=-
 +
|f1s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f1e=uku
 +
|f2=s
 +
|f2p=-
 +
|f2s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f2e=uko&#301;
 +
|f3=s
 +
|f3p=-
 +
|f3s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f3e=iko&#301;
 +
|f4=s
 +
|f4p=-
 +
|f4s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f4e=eke
 +
|f5=s
 +
|f5p=-
 +
|f5s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f5e=eku&#301;
 +
|f6=s
 +
|f6p=-
 +
|f6s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f6e=apa
 +
|f7=s
 +
|f7p=-
 +
|f7s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f7e=upu
 +
|f8=s
 +
|f8p=-
 +
|f8s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f8e=ii
 +
|f9=s
 +
|f9p=-
 +
|f9s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f9e=oru
 +
|f10=s
 +
|f10p=-
 +
|f10s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f10e=o<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="fG2">l</span>u
 +
|f11=s
 +
|f11p=-
 +
|f11s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f11e=ie&#301;
 +
|f12=s
 +
|f12p=-
 +
|f12s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f12e=oru&#301;
 +
|f13=s
 +
|f13p=-
 +
|f13s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f13e=o<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="fG2">l</span>u&#301;
 +
|f14=s
 +
|f14p=-
 +
|f14s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f14e=epe
 +
|f15=s
 +
|f15p=-
 +
|f15s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f15e=eri
 +
|f16=s
 +
|f16p=-
 +
|f16s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f16e=e<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="fG2">l</span>i
 +
|f17=s
 +
|f17p=-
 +
|f17s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f17e=u&#301;a
 +
|f18=s
 +
|f18p=-
 +
|f18s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f18e=u&#301;ra
 +
|f19=s
 +
|f19p=-
 +
|f19s=ś t t́ n ń s
 +
|f19e=u&#301;<span data-swap="ĺ l" data-swap-nexus="fG2">l</span>a
 +
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 +
{{Verb AK|title=G3
 +
|swapper=fG3
 +
|time=2000
 +
|f1=h
 +
|f1p=-
 +
|f1s=k h
 +
|f1e=epe
 +
|f2=h
 +
|f2p=-
 +
|f2s=k h
 +
|f2e=o&#301;a
 +
|f3=h
 +
|f3p=-
 +
|f3s=k h
 +
|f3e=ua
 +
|f4=h
 +
|f4p=-
 +
|f4s=k h
 +
|f4e=oke
 +
|f5=h
 +
|f5p=-
 +
|f5s=k h
 +
|f5e=o&#301;tu
 +
|f6=h
 +
|f6p=-
 +
|f6s=k h
 +
|f6e=o&#301;ta
 +
|f7=h
 +
|f7p=-
 +
|f7s=k h
 +
|f7e=o&#301;ta
 +
|f8=h
 +
|f8p=-
 +
|f8s=k h
 +
|f8e=uku
 +
|f9=h
 +
|f9p=-
 +
|f9s=k h
 +
|f9e=uru
 +
|f10=h
 +
|f10p=-
 +
|f10s=k h
 +
|f10e=ulu
 +
|f11=h
 +
|f11p=-
 +
|f11s=k h
 +
|f11e=uku&#301;
 +
|f12=h
 +
|f12p=-
 +
|f12s=k h
 +
|f12e=uru&#301;
 +
|f13=h
 +
|f13p=-
 +
|f13s=k h
 +
|f13e=ulu&#301;
 +
|f14=h
 +
|f14p=-
 +
|f14s=k h
 +
|f14e=epe
 +
|f15=h
 +
|f15p=-
 +
|f15s=k h
 +
|f15e=eri
 +
|f16=h
 +
|f16p=-
 +
|f16s=k h
 +
|f16e=eli
 +
|f17=h
 +
|f17p=-
 +
|f17s=k h
 +
|f17e=u&#301;ta
 +
|f18=h
 +
|f18p=-
 +
|f18s=k h
 +
|f18e=u&#301;ra
 +
|f19=h
 +
|f19p=-
 +
|f19s=k h
 +
|f19e=u&#301;la
 +
|class=flex|scrollwrap=yes}}
 +
<localtag flexwrapend />

Latest revision as of 07:07, 8 August 2023

Verbs are grouped into three or four categories based on their final consonants.

  • Group 1 consists of verbs with the labial consonants p, m and f.
  • Group 2 consists of the dental and retroflex consonants, but is split into two series.
    • Series 2a contains s, t and n.
    • Series 2b contains ś, t́ and ń.
  • Group 3 consists of the velar consonants h and k.

Animations

The tables below cycle through the consonants in their groups every two seconds. Click on the checkbox by the group's name to pause that group's animation.

!

Present Tense

Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -peo-peĭ-paĭ
1st (exclusive) -pe-puo-pae-pou
2nd -pa-para-pala
2nd (formal) -pape-pareĭ-paleĭ
3rd (animate) -pi-piro-pilo
3rd (inanimate) -popo-poro-polo
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -sio-susu-soĭ
1st (exclusive) -se-su-saĭ-suaĭ
2nd -si-saro-salo
2nd (formal) -siseĭ-sareĭ-saleĭ
3rd (animate) -so-sore-sole
3rd (inanimate) -saa-sara-sala
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -śua-śaśa-śeĭ
1st (exclusive) -śe-śu-śoĭ-śuoĭ
2nd -śu-śuro-śuĺo
2nd (formal) -śuśeĭ-śureĭ-śuĺeĭ
3rd (animate) -śo-śore-śoĺe
3rd (inanimate) -śaa-śara-śaĺa
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -hee-haĭ-huu
1st (exclusive) -he-heo-hoe-hoe
2nd -ha-hara-hala
2nd (formal) -hate-hareĭ-haleĭ
3rd (animate) -ha-haro-halo
3rd (inanimate) -hiki-hiri-hili

Past Tense

In past and future tenses, Group 2 is no longer split into two series. However, the final l in plural endings changes to ĺ when preceded by a 2b consonant.

Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -peto-poĭ-puĭ
1st (exclusive) -pee-pue-pate-potu
2nd -pu-puru-pulu
2nd (formal) -pupe-pureĭ-puleĭ
3rd (animate) -pio-pira-pila
3rd (inanimate) -pipi-piri-pili
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -soo-sisu-soto
1st (exclusive) -see-sue-sati-sutoĭ
2nd -soe-sure-sule
2nd (formal) -soseĭ-suroĭ-suloĭ
3rd (animate) -sae-sire-sile
3rd (inanimate) -sese-siri-sili
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -hete-huĭ-hutu
1st (exclusive) -hii-hetu-hote-hote
2nd -ho-hore-hole
2nd (formal) -hoteĭ-horeĭ-holeĭ
3rd (animate) -hio-hera-hela
3rd (inanimate) -heko-heri-heli

Future Tense

Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -peko-poki-puki
1st (exclusive) -peke-pukeĭ-pake-poku
2nd -po-pere-pele
2nd (formal) -pope-peroĭ-peloĭ
3rd (animate) -piu-pura-pula
3rd (inanimate) -peĭpo-peĭro-peĭlo
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -suku-sukoĭ-sikoĭ
1st (exclusive) -seke-sekuĭ-sapa-supu
2nd -sii-soru-solu
2nd (formal) -sieĭ-soruĭ-soluĭ
3rd (animate) -sepe-seri-seli
3rd (inanimate) -suĭa-suĭra-suĭla
Singular DualPaucalPlural
1st (inclusive)  -hepe-hoĭa-hua
1st (exclusive) -hoke-hoĭtu-hoĭta-hoĭta
2nd -huku-huru-hulu
2nd (formal) -hukuĭ-huruĭ-huluĭ
3rd (animate) -hepe-heri-heli
3rd (inanimate) -huĭta-huĭra-huĭla
Retrieved from "https://jasontank.net/conlangs/index.php?title=Ancient_Kartara/Verbs&oldid=987"