Difference between revisions of "Ancient Kartara/Examples"

< Ancient Kartara
(a start)
 
Line 2: Line 2:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Ulu
+
| ''Ulu''
−
| pas-o.
+
| ''pas-o.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 11: Line 11:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Olu
+
| ''Olu''
−
| pas-oĭa
+
| ''pas-oĭa''
−
| puf-i.
+
| ''puf-i.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 22: Line 22:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Olu
+
| ''Olu''
−
| pas-eo.
+
| ''pas-eo.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 31: Line 31:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Olu
+
| ''Olu''
−
| pas-epe.
+
| ''pas-epe.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 40: Line 40:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Olu
+
| ''Olu''
−
| pas-o
+
| ''pas-o''
−
| iaĭ.
+
| ''iaĭ.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 51: Line 51:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Olu
+
| ''Olu''
−
| pas-o
+
| ''pas-o''
−
| tuka.
+
| ''tuka.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 62: Line 62:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Olu
+
| ''Olu''
−
| pas-epe
+
| ''pas-epe''
−
| astoku.
+
| ''astoku.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 73: Line 73:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Olu
+
| ''Olu''
−
| pas-o
+
| ''pas-o''
−
| pasetu-lo.
+
| ''pasetu-lo.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 84: Line 84:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Olu
+
| ''Olu''
−
| pasetu-lo
+
| ''pasetu-lo''
−
| pas-o.
+
| ''pas-o.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 95: Line 95:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Olu
+
| ''Olu''
−
| soup-aĭa
+
| ''soup-aĭa''
−
| puf-i
+
| ''puf-i''
−
| pu.
+
| ''pu.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| sun
 
| sun
Line 108: Line 108:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Uko
+
| ''Uko''
−
| kart́a
+
| ''kart́a''
−
| ilon-ile.
+
| ''ilon-ile.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| all
 
| all
Line 116: Line 116:
 
| shout-3PAU.AN.PST
 
| shout-3PAU.AN.PST
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="3" | kart́a-ńa (person-PL) can be used, too.
+
| colspan="3" | ''kart́a-ńa'' (person-PL) can be used, too.
 
|}
 
|}
 
Some of the people shouted.
 
Some of the people shouted.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Uso
+
| ''Uso''
−
| kart́a
+
| ''kart́a''
−
| ilon-ire.
+
| ''ilon-ire.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Some
 
| Some
Line 129: Line 129:
 
| shout-3PAU.AN.PST
 
| shout-3PAU.AN.PST
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="3" | kart́a-ru (person-PAU) can be used, too.
+
| colspan="3" | ''kart́a-ru'' (person-PAU) can be used, too.
 
|}
 
|}
 
Many of the people shouted twice.
 
Many of the people shouted twice.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Ańe
+
| ''Ańe''
−
| kart́a-ru
+
| ''kart́a-ru''
−
| ki
+
| ''ki''
−
| teto
+
| ''teto''
−
| ilon-ire.
+
| ''ilon-ire.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| many
 
| many
Line 149: Line 149:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Toa
+
| ''Toa''
−
| kart́a-ńa
+
| ''kart́a-ńa''
−
| ilon-oĭa
+
| ''ilon-oĭa''
−
| tia
+
| ''tia''
−
| tues-ole.
+
| ''tues-ole.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Happy
 
| Happy
Line 164: Line 164:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Umili
+
| ''Umili''
−
| seles-oe
+
| ''seles-oe''
−
| piraĭ.
+
| ''piraĭ.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| kitten
 
| kitten
Line 175: Line 175:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| Umili
+
| ''Umili''
−
| seles-oe
+
| ''seles-oe''
−
| sono
+
| ''sono''
−
| ikireta.
+
| ''ikireta.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| kitten
 
| kitten
Line 188: Line 188:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| O-husa
+
| ''O-husa''
−
| umili-li
+
| ''umili-li''
−
| ses-oe
+
| ''ses-oe''
−
| eloĭ-saĭ.
+
| ''eloĭ''
 +
| ''fi-śi.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| GEN-1s
 
| GEN-1s
 
| kitten-DIM
 
| kitten-DIM
 
| walk-3s.AN.PST
 
| walk-3s.AN.PST
−
| here-ABL
+
| DET.this
 +
| ABL-place
 
|}
 
|}
 
It's raining.
 
It's raining.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| uĭlo
+
| ''uĭlo''
−
| toon-ole.
+
| ''toon-ole.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| rain
 
| rain
Line 210: Line 212:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| uĭlo
+
| ''uĭlo''
−
| toon-ile
+
| ''toon-ile''
−
| piruĭ.
+
| ''piruĭ.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| rain
 
| rain
Line 221: Line 223:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| umili
+
| ''umili''
−
| fut-i
+
| ''fut-i''
−
| oĭl-uĭlo.
+
| ''oĭl-uĭlo.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| kitten
 
| kitten
Line 232: Line 234:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| uĭlo
+
| ''uĭlo''
−
| alosof-i
+
| ''alosof-i''
−
| pu.
+
| ''pu.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| rain
 
| rain
Line 243: Line 245:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| uĭlo
+
| ''uĭlo''
−
| alosof-iu
+
| ''alosof-iu''
−
| oĺa.
+
| ''oĺa.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| rain
 
| rain
Line 252: Line 254:
 
|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| oĺa
+
| ''oĺa''
−
| iki
+
| ''iki''
−
| uĭlo
+
| ''uĭlo''
−
| alosof-iu.
+
| ''alosof-iu.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| soon
 
| soon
Line 265: Line 267:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| husa
+
| ''husa''
−
| siuf-e
+
| ''siuf-e''
−
| iki
+
| ''iki''
−
| uĭlo
+
| ''uĭlo''
−
| alosof-iu
+
| ''alosof-iu''
−
| oĺa.
+
| ''oĺa.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| PN.1s
 
| PN.1s
Line 278: Line 280:
 
| stop.3s.AN.FUT
 
| stop.3s.AN.FUT
 
| soon
 
| soon
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="6" | ''husa'' is optional.
 
|}
 
|}
 
Once wild animals lived here.
 
Once wild animals lived here.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| kala
+
| ''kala''
−
| oĭoki
+
| ''oĭoki''
−
| puf-ila
+
| ''puf-ila''
−
| eloĭ
+
| ''eloĭ''
−
| oĭl-śi.
+
| ''oĭl-śi.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| animal
 
| animal
Line 297: Line 301:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| uĺkopa
+
| ''uĺkopa''
−
| teom-io
+
| ''teom-io''
−
| peĭalśe.
+
| ''peĭalśe.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| full
 
| full
Line 306: Line 310:
 
|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| peĭalśe
+
| ''peĭalśe''
−
| iki
+
| ''iki''
−
| uĺkopa
+
| ''uĺkopa''
−
| teom-io.
+
| ''teom-io.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| slow
 
| slow
Line 319: Line 323:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| pu
+
| ''pu''
−
| puf-a
+
| ''puf-a''
−
| eloĭ
+
| ''eloĭ''
−
| fi-śi.
+
| ''fi-śi.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| now.IMP
 
| now.IMP
Line 329: Line 333:
 
| ABL-place
 
| ABL-place
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="4" | If pu precedes a bare verb, it denotes the imperative (command) mood.
+
| colspan="4" | If ''pu'' precedes a bare verb, it denotes the imperative (command) mood.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="4" | eloĭ may be omitted if the place in question is obvious to the listener.
+
| colspan="4" | ''eloĭ'' may be omitted if the place in question is obvious to the listener.
 
|}
 
|}
 
Let's go!
 
Let's go!
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| pu
+
| ''pu''
−
| aĭkuańa
+
| ''aĭkuańa''
−
| eloĭ
+
| ''eloĭ''
−
| fi-śi.
+
| ''fi-śi.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| now.IMP
 
| now.IMP
Line 346: Line 350:
 
| ABL-place
 
| ABL-place
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="4" | puf is optional when an affix encodes movement.
+
| colspan="4" | ''puf'' is optional when an affix encodes movement.
 
|}
 
|}
 
You should go.
 
You should go.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
| oap-a
+
| ''oap-a''
−
| fi-śi.
+
| ''fi-śi.''
 
|-
 
|-
 
| should.do-2s
 
| should.do-2s
 
| ABL-place
 
| ABL-place
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="2" | Demonstrating how eloĭ is optional.
+
| colspan="2" | Demonstrating how ''eloĭ'' is optional.
 +
|}
 +
I will be happy to go.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''es-puf-eke''
 +
| ''eloĭ''
 +
| ''fi-śi''
 +
|-
 +
| BEN.FORM-be-1s.FUT
 +
| DET.this
 +
| ABL-place
 +
|}
 +
He will arrive soon.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''puf-iu''
 +
| ''eloĭ''
 +
| ''saĭ-śi''
 +
| ''oĺa''
 +
|-
 +
| be-3s.FUT
 +
| DET.this
 +
| LAT-place
 +
| soon
 +
|}
 +
The baby's ball has rolled away.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''opo-seaĭ''
 +
| ''sou''
 +
| ''somus-ese''
 +
| ''fi-śi''
 +
|-
 +
| GEN-baby
 +
| ball
 +
| roll-3s.INAN.PST
 +
| ABL-place
 +
|}
 +
The two boys are working together.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''kulo-ki''
 +
| ''sonim-aĭa''
 +
| ''puf-iro''
 +
| ''aĭk-eloĭ-ki''
 +
|-
 +
| boy-DU
 +
| work-PTCT
 +
| be.3DU.AN
 +
| COM-DET.them-DU
 +
|}
 +
This mist will probably clear away.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
| ''kusuo''
 +
| ''alosof-iu''
 +
| ''pokiko''
 +
|-
 +
| mist
 +
| end-3s.AN.FUT
 +
| probable
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 06:13, 21 April 2017

The sun shines.

Ulu pas-o.
sun shine-3s.AN

The sun is shining.

Olu pas-oĭa puf-i.
sun shine-PTCP be-3s.AN

The sun shone.

Olu pas-eo.
sun shine-3s.AN.PST

The sun will shine.

Olu pas-epe.
sun shine-3s.AN.FUT

The sun has been shining.

Olu pas-o iaĭ.
sun shine-3s.AN continuously

The sun is shining again.

Olu pas-o tuka.
sun shine-3s.AN again

The sun will shine tomorrow.

Olu pas-epe astoku.
sun shine.3s.AN.FUT tomorrow

The sun shines brightly.

Olu pas-o pasetu-lo.
sun shine-3s.AN bright-AUG

The bright sun shines.

Olu pasetu-lo pas-o.
sun bright-AUG shine-3s.AUG

The sun is rising now.

Olu soup-aĭa puf-i pu.
sun rise.PTCP be.3s.AN now

All the people shouted.

Uko kart́a ilon-ile.
all person shout-3PAU.AN.PST
kart́a-ńa (person-PL) can be used, too.

Some of the people shouted.

Uso kart́a ilon-ire.
Some person shout-3PAU.AN.PST
kart́a-ru (person-PAU) can be used, too.

Many of the people shouted twice.

Ańe kart́a-ru ki teto ilon-ire.
many person-PAU two instance shout-3PAU.AN.PST

Happy people often shout.

Toa kart́a-ńa ilon-oĭa tia tues-ole.
Happy person-PL shout-PTCP sometimes do.habitually-3PL.AN

The kitten jumped up.

Umili seles-oe piraĭ.
kitten jump-3s.AN.PST upwards

The kitten jumped onto the table.

Umili seles-oe sono ikireta.
kitten jump-3s.AN.PST onto table

My little kitten walked away.

O-husa umili-li ses-oe eloĭ fi-śi.
GEN-1s kitten-DIM walk-3s.AN.PST DET.this ABL-place

It's raining.

uĭlo toon-ole.
rain come-3AN.PL

The rain came down.

uĭlo toon-ile piruĭ.
rain come-3AN.PL.PST down

The kitten is playing in the rain.

umili fut-i oĭl-uĭlo.
kitten play-3s.AN LOC-rain

The rain has stopped.

uĭlo alosof-i pu.
rain stop-3s.AN now

Soon the rain will stop.

uĭlo alosof-iu oĺa.
rain stop-3s.AN.FUT soon
oĺa iki uĭlo alosof-iu.
soon CONJ.ADV rain stop-3s.AN.FUT

I hope the rain stops soon.

husa siuf-e iki uĭlo alosof-iu oĺa.
PN.1s hope-1s that rain stop.3s.AN.FUT soon
husa is optional.

Once wild animals lived here.

kala oĭoki puf-ila eloĭ oĭl-śi.
animal wild be-3s.AN.PL.PST DET.this LOC-place

Slowly she looked around.

uĺkopa teom-io peĭalśe.
full look.3s.PST slow
peĭalśe iki uĺkopa teom-io.
slow CONJ.ADV full look-3s.PST

Go away!

pu puf-a eloĭ fi-śi.
now.IMP be-2s DET.this ABL-place
If pu precedes a bare verb, it denotes the imperative (command) mood.
eloĭ may be omitted if the place in question is obvious to the listener.

Let's go!

pu aĭkuańa eloĭ fi-śi.
now.IMP 1PL.IN DET.this ABL-place
puf is optional when an affix encodes movement.

You should go.

oap-a fi-śi.
should.do-2s ABL-place
Demonstrating how eloĭ is optional.

I will be happy to go.

es-puf-eke eloĭ fi-śi
BEN.FORM-be-1s.FUT DET.this ABL-place

He will arrive soon.

puf-iu eloĭ saĭ-śi oĺa
be-3s.FUT DET.this LAT-place soon

The baby's ball has rolled away.

opo-seaĭ sou somus-ese fi-śi
GEN-baby ball roll-3s.INAN.PST ABL-place

The two boys are working together.

kulo-ki sonim-aĭa puf-iro aĭk-eloĭ-ki
boy-DU work-PTCT be.3DU.AN COM-DET.them-DU

This mist will probably clear away.

kusuo alosof-iu pokiko
mist end-3s.AN.FUT probable
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