Ancient Kartara/Verbs
Verbs are grouped into three or four categories based on their final sounds.
- Group 1 consists of verbs ending with the labial consonants p, m and f.
- Group 2 consists of the dental and retroflex consonants, but is split into two series.
- Series 2a contains s, t and n.
- Series 2b contains ś, t́ and ń.
- Group 3 consists of the velar consonants h and k.
Animations
The tables below cycle through the consonants in their groups every two seconds. Click on the checkbox by the group's name to pause that group's animation.
Present Tense
| Singular | Dual | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (inclusive) | -peo | -peĭ | -paĭ | |
| 1st (exclusive) | -pe | -puo | -pae | -pou |
| 2nd | -pa | -para | -pala | |
| 2nd (formal) | -pape | -pareĭ | -paleĭ | |
| 3rd (animate) | -pi | -piro | -pilo | |
| 3rd (inanimate) | -popo | -poro | -polo | |
| Singular | Dual | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (inclusive) | -sio | -susu | -soĭ | |
| 1st (exclusive) | -se | -su | -saĭ | -suaĭ |
| 2nd | -si | -saro | -salo | |
| 2nd (formal) | -siseĭ | -sareĭ | -saleĭ | |
| 3rd (animate) | -so | -sore | -sole | |
| 3rd (inanimate) | -saa | -sara | -sala | |
| Singular | Dual | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (inclusive) | -śua | -śaśa | -śeĭ | |
| 1st (exclusive) | -śe | -śu | -śoĭ | -śuoĭ |
| 2nd | -śu | -śuro | -śuĺo | |
| 2nd (formal) | -śuśeĭ | -śureĭ | -śuĺeĭ | |
| 3rd (animate) | -śo | -śore | -śoĺe | |
| 3rd (inanimate) | -śaa | -śara | -śaĺa | |
| Singular | Dual | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (inclusive) | -hee | -haĭ | -huu | |
| 1st (exclusive) | -he | -heo | -hoe | -hoe |
| 2nd | -ha | -hara | -hala | |
| 2nd (formal) | -hate | -hareĭ | -haleĭ | |
| 3rd (animate) | -ha | -haro | -halo | |
| 3rd (inanimate) | -hiki | -hiri | -hili | |
Past Tense
| Singular | Dual | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (inclusive) | -peto | -poĭ | -puĭ | |
| 1st (exclusive) | -pee | -pue | -pate | -potu |
| 2nd | -pu | -puru | -pulu | |
| 2nd (formal) | -pupe | -pureĭ | -puleĭ | |
| 3rd (animate) | -pio | -pira | -pila | |
| 3rd (inanimate) | -pipi | -piri | -pili | |
| Singular | Dual | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (inclusive) | -soo | -sisu | -soto | |
| 1st (exclusive) | -se | -sue | -sati | -sutoĭ |
| 2nd | -soe | -sure | -sule | |
| 2nd (formal) | -soseĭ | -suroĭ | -suloĭ | |
| 3rd (animate) | -soe | -sire | -sile | |
| 3rd (inanimate) | -sese | -siri | -sili | |
| Singular | Dual | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (inclusive) | -hete | -huĭ | -hutu | |
| 1st (exclusive) | -hee | -hetu | -hote | -hote |
| 2nd | -ho | -hore | -hole | |
| 2nd (formal) | -hoteĭ | -horeĭ | -holeĭ | |
| 3rd (animate) | -hi | -hera | -hela | |
| 3rd (inanimate) | -heko | -heri | -heli | |
